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Cell processes and energy

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Term
Definition
heterotroph   an organism that cannot make its own food  
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autotroph   an organism that makes its own food  
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photosynthesis   the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food  
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pigment   colored chemical compounds that absorb light  
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stomata   small openings on the undersides of leaves allowing carbon dioxide to enter the plant  
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chlorophyll   the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts  
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respiration   the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose  
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fermentation   an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen  
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cell cycle   the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo  
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replication   the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus  
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interphase   the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells  
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mitosis   the cells nucleus divides into two new nuclei  
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chromosomes   double-rod structures  
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stem cells   cells that differentiate throughout life  
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differentiation   the process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions  
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cytokinesis   the final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides and is distributed to each of the two new daughter cells  
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Created by: tsheldon
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