Biology Chapter 11 & 12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | active repressor
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| In E. coli, the operon that controls lactose-utilization genes consists of how many genes? | show 🗑
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| show | different genes are switched on and off in each type of cell
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| show | one
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| show | It helps RNA polymerase transcribe certain genes.
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| show | This enables cells to maintain a precise and efficient control over their activities.
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| show | Some head structures develop at the tail end; the head end develops normally.
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| show | signal molecule
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| show | Only a small fraction of cloned embryos develop normally.
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| show | spinal cord injuries
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| A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that can change into an oncogene. Oncogenes are potentially lethal genes that can cause cancer. Why do cells continue to maintain proto-oncogenes? | show 🗑
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| show | bladder
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| In prokaryotes, a group of genes with related functions is called _____. | show 🗑
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| Tryptophan is placed into a culture of E. coli cells. As a result, the bacterial cells switch off transcription of tryptophan because the amino acid binds to the _____. | show 🗑
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| The promoter of an operon is where ____ binds? | show 🗑
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| In prokaryotes, operons regulate the rate of ____? | show 🗑
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| The gene for human growth factor is inserted into the E. colilactose operon so that it replaces the structural genes with the gene for human growth factor. What substance must be added to the bacterial culture so that it produces human growth factor? | show 🗑
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| In E. coli the lactose operon (lac operon) is turned on in the presence of _____. | show 🗑
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| This prevents binding of the repressor to the bacterial DNA and allows a set of genes to be transcribed. The transcription of these genes is under the control of a(n) _____. | show 🗑
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| What functions in frequently changing environments? | show 🗑
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| In multicellular eukaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is more complex because _____. | show 🗑
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| show | nucleosomes
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| show | Nucleosomes
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| This pattern of sweat-gland distribution can be explained by _____ | show 🗑
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| show | DNA wrapped around histones forms a unit called a nucleosomes.
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| In eukaryotes, DNA packing seems to affect gene expression primarily by | show 🗑
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| The DNA-histone complexes that are formed in eukaryotic cells directly inhibit | show 🗑
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| show | Enhancers
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| show | the role of transciption factors
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| show | silencer
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| In eukaryotes, gene expression is regulated mostly by _____. | show 🗑
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| show | Transcription is the typical point at which gene expression is regulated.
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| show | introns
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| MicroRNA (miRNA) functions by binding to _____ and blocking translation. | show 🗑
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| show | breakdown of RNA
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| show | this enables cells to control the amount of protein present.
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| show | RNA would remain in the nucleus as it would be unable to move through the nuclear pores, thus blocking translation of the gene.
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| An animal's head-to-tail axis is established by _____ | show 🗑
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| What is responsible for the appearance of the fruit fly shown below on the right? | show 🗑
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| show | gene expression
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| A signal transduction pathway activates a transcription factor that responds by _____. | show 🗑
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| show | receptor …. Transcription factor
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| show | from a single ancestor cell
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| show | nuclear transplantation
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| show | these cells have retained all of their genetic potential
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| show | reproductive cloning
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| Why do you think that adult stem cells are found in bone marrow and the lining of the small intestine specifically? | show 🗑
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| show | can differentiate into all cell types
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| Which of the following statements best describes cancer cells? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following would be most likely to lead to cancer? | show 🗑
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| show | stimulate cell division
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| show | tumor-suppressor genes
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| A cancer cell ___. | show 🗑
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| Most human cancers are _____. | show 🗑
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| show | initiates transcription
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| show | tobacco
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| Which of the following statements best defines recombinant DNA technology? | show 🗑
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| show | a restriction enzyme; DNA ligase
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| The fragments produced by most restriction enzymes have _____. | show 🗑
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| A genomic library is _____. | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria
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| Golden rice has been genetically engineered. Golden rice differs from other rice varieties because it contains genes that will produce _____. | show 🗑
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| DNA moves through a gel toward the positive electrode when an electric charge is applied. What property of DNA allows this to occur? | show 🗑
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| To identify an individual involved in a crime, criminologists analyze DNA from a suspect's blood and compare the _____ to samples found at the crime scene. | show 🗑
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| What does the term restriction fragment length polymorphism mean? | show 🗑
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| The individuals working on the Human Genome Project (HGP) were attempting to _____. | show 🗑
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| Which of the following enzymes can create a bond between adjacent, unjoined nucleotides? | show 🗑
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| Frequently, genetic engineers use plasmids, which are _____ | show 🗑
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| show | Gene cloning occurs when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid.
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| show | provide a site for complementary base pairing so that pieces of DNA can be linked together.
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| An enzyme that "cuts" DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotide bases is called _____. | show 🗑
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| The "normal" function of restriction enzymes is to _____. | show 🗑
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| The recombinant molecule below was generated using which two enzymes? | show 🗑
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| show | insert a foreign piece of DNA cut with the same restriction enzyme
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| show | the generation of short fragments of single-stranded DNA left at the end of a DNA molecule
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| show | the fragments will bond to other fragments with complementary single-stranded ends
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| The so-called sticky ends of a plasmid or bacterial chromosome are _____. | show 🗑
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| DNA used in recombinant DNA techniques is first cut into fragments by _____. | show 🗑
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| What does the term vector refer to in genetic engineering? | show 🗑
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| show | genomic library
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| If you know the nucleotide sequence, you can _____. | show 🗑
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| show | cDNA
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| Which enzyme makes DNA from an RNA template? | show 🗑
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| show | It helps identify genes that have been inserted into bacterial plasmids.
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| What purpose does a nucleic acid probe serve? | show 🗑
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| show | pharming
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| show | use bacteria as "factories" for protein products
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| show | A harmless variant, a natural mutant, was used to stimulate an immune response
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| show | a rat with rabbit hemoglobin genes
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| Transgenic organisms are only scientifically or commercially useful if _____. | show 🗑
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| show | The conditions would be unfavorable to their survival
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| What does the process of gene therapy involve? | show 🗑
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| To date, the "easy" part of gene therapy has been _____. | show 🗑
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| DNA profiling is a forensic procedure being utilized to identify individuals. This technique _____. | show 🗑
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| A genetic marker is a _____. | show 🗑
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| show | It can make a large amount of DNA from a tiny amount
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| What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis? | show 🗑
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| show |
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| Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. To obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human's genes, they could _____. | show 🗑
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| Sam is the father if _____ genetic fingerprint shows bands present in _____ genetic fingerprint. | show 🗑
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| show | the presence of various-sized fragments of DNA
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| Comparison of whole genome sequences shows that we share _____ of our genome sequence with our closest relative. | show 🗑
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| The current estimate for the number of genes in the human genome is about 20,500. Which of the following organisms has almost twice as many genes as humans? | show 🗑
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| show | transposable elements can move around in DNA
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| If the human genome is so large, relative to the size of other organisms' genomes, why do we have so few genes? | show 🗑
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| Celera Genomics implemented a faster way of sequencing the human genome. What was this method? | show 🗑
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| The shotgun cloning technique differs from the original method of sequencing the human genome because _____. | show 🗑
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| The shotgun cloning technique differs from the original method of sequencing the human genome because _____. | show 🗑
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| Analysis of human and Neanderthal DNA have revealed that _____. | show 🗑
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