Chapter 25
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the non-electrolytes? | amino acids (proteins), glucose, fatty acids
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| What are the major electrolytes? | sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, chloride, bicarbonate
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| Ions with a positive charge are called? | cations
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| Ions with a negative charge are called? | anions
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| How much of the body's weight is water? | Over half
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| Hypervolemia? | excess of fluid volume present in the body
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| Hypovolemia? | deficiency of fluid volume present in the body
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| Hyponatremia | a deficit of sodium in the blood
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| Hypernatremia | an excess of sodium in the blood
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| Hypokalemia | when blood potassium levels drop below 3.5 mEq/L
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| Hyperkalemia | when blood potassium levels rise above 5.0 mEq/L
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| Respiratory acidosis | when carbon dioxide levels increase
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| Metabolic acidosis | when an excessive loss of bicarbonate ions or increased production or retention of hydrogen ions occur
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| Effects of acidosis | headache, lethargy, weakness, and confusion.
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| Respiratory alkalosis | when carbon dioxide levels decrease, such in the case of hyperventilation
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| Metabolic alkalosis | excess of bicarbonate ions or release of hydrogen ions, can be caused by loss of hydrochloric acid from vomiting or hypokalemia
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| effects of alkalosis | restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling and numbness of fingers, if progresses can cause tetany, seizures and coma.
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| characteristics of tetany | severe muscle cramps, carpopedal spasms, laryngeal spasms, and stridor
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| Using weight to assess fluid balance | A gain or loss of 2.2 lb (1 kg) in 24 hours indicates a gain or loss of 1 L of fluid
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| Expected urine output: | 1000 - 1500 mL/day, report less than 700 mL/day or less than 30 mL/hr
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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