NUR 100 Bio/Environm
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| the immune system | body's major defense mechanism against infections, abnormal & damaged cells, bacteria, fungi, viruses & parasites
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| immune system consists of | complex networks of specialized tissues, cells and organs
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| immune system's goal | protect body by seeking & destroying damaged cells but preserving host
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| immune system is activated by | minor and major injuries, allergic reactions
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| 1st phase of innate response | vascular
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| 2nd phase of innate response | cellular
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| adaptive immune responses | cell mediated and antibody
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| leukocytes | WBC's-released from bone marrow
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| leukopenia | decreased # of WBC count
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| leukocytosis | increased # of WBC count
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| granulocytes | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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| monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells | mediators of immunity, recognize foreign matters & initiate immune response
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| lymphocytes | regulator of specific immune responses-t cells, B cells, NK cells
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| antigens | invaders, provoke specific immune response
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| antibodies | bind with antigens to deactivate them
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| 5 types of antibodies | IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
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| lymph | via lymph nodes
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| T cells | become mature in thymus gland
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| B cells | become mature in bone marrow
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| T lympocytes | mature into Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, or memory cells
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| cell mediated immune response | lymphocytes make Helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells & NK cells to deactivate the antigen
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| innate immune response | 1st line of defense, nonspecific
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| vascular response | state 1 of innate response. blood vessels constrict then capillary arterioles allow fluid flow, swelling, drainage
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| vascular response aids in | invading bacteria gets trapped in fibrin threads
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| phagocytosis | cells eating other cells
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| debridement | removal of dead tissue to promote healing
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| reconstruction | cells repair themselves
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| adaptive immune response | at initial exposure to antigen, body develops memory and plan against specific antigen
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| antibody mediated | driven by B cells which contact antigen and create antibody producing plasma and memory cells
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| immunoglobulin | antibody Ig-bind and inactivate specific antigens
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| B cells + antigen | antibody producing plasma cells and memory cells
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| cell mediated | for sleeper cells that are hidden, initiated by T cells, cell mediated has memory, additional exposures are treated more effectively and quickly
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| types of cell mediated | killer T cells and Helper T cells
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| active immunity | body produces antibodies against specific antigens, naturally or artificially obtained
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| passive immunity | short term, mother to baby
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| natural immunity | obtained by infection resulting in antibodies
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| artificial immunity | obtained by immunizations
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| diagnostics | serum protein, protein electrophoresis, antibody testing, skin testing
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| vaccination | suspensions of bacteria or viruses, nonpathogenic
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| microorganisms | bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
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| virulent | microorganism's ability to cause disease
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| pathogens | virulent organisms rarely found in absence of disease
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| infections occur when | pathogen is able to multiply within the host
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| initial stage | incubation period, pathogen begins replication
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| prodromal stage | manifestations appear-symptoms
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| acute stage | pathogen proliferate and disseminate rapidly, byproducts released
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| convalescent stage | infection contained and pathogen is eliminated
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| nosocomial infection | infection obtained in healthcare setting
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| white blood cell count | WBC's
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| standard isolation | hand washing, gloves-treat everyone as if infected
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| contact isolation | hand washing, gloves, gown-anything touchable and transferrable to other pts
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| droplet isolation | hand washing, gloves, mask, gown, goggles-protect you as well as other patients and infected patient
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| airborne isolation | hand washing, gloves, gown, goggles, negative air flow room, N95 mask
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