Pulmonary and Acid Base Pathophysiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| respiration is | the cellular process that uses oxygen to make ATP
🗑
|
||||
| respiration rate in this class is equal to | ventilation rate
🗑
|
||||
| the ventilation rate is | the number of times gas is exchanged in a minute
🗑
|
||||
| ventilation is | the movement of air in and out of the lungs
🗑
|
||||
| breathing allows | absorption of oxygen and elimination of carbon dioxide
🗑
|
||||
| tissue respiration is | gas exchange between blood and tissues
🗑
|
||||
| the five stages of pulmonary system development | embryotic phase, pseudogladnular phase, canalicular phase, terminal sac phase, alveolar phase
🗑
|
||||
| the embryonic phase occurs from | 3-7 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| the pseudogladular phase occurs from | 7-16 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| the canalicular phase occurs from | 16-24 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| the terminal sac phase occurs from | 24-36 weeks
🗑
|
||||
| the alveolar phase occurs from | 36 weeks to term/adult usually until 3 years
🗑
|
||||
| The diaphram is formed during the | pseudoglandular phase around the 8th-10th week
🗑
|
||||
| During the embryonic phase | the trachea divides into right and left
🗑
|
||||
| During the pseurogladular phase | there is continued differentiation of bronchi and 25,000 terminal bronchioles start splitting into 23 parts, diaphram is formed and distal airways start to be formed in the later weeks
🗑
|
||||
| During the canalicular phase | maturation of the pulmonary alveoli begins, pulmonary surfactant starts to be produced, blood flow begins
🗑
|
||||
| Terminal sac phase | start to get grape like structures
🗑
|
||||
| Alveolar phase | start to mature and and develop and differentiation of more mature alveoli takes place up to three years of life.
🗑
|
||||
| The pulmonary system develops in this direction | caudaly
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary Surfactant is produced by | Type II pneumocyte cells
🗑
|
||||
| Alveoli are made of | Type I pneumocyte cells
🗑
|
||||
| The pulmonary system develops from this | the primitive foregut endoderm
🗑
|
||||
| Gas exchange occurs in this | the pulmonary acinus
🗑
|
||||
| The pulmonary acinus is made up of these four items | bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
🗑
|
||||
| The pulmonary acinus allows this | Oxygen to enter circulation and the carbon dioxide is diffused from circulation
🗑
|
||||
| Pulmonary Circulation does these four things | facilitates gas exchange, delivers nutrients to lung tissues, acts as a reservoir for the LV, serves as a filter
🗑
|
||||
| The bronchial arteries do this | provide a small amount of oxygenated blood to lung tissues
🗑
|
||||
| the pulmonary arteries do this | provide deoxygenated blood
🗑
|
||||
| compared to systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation | has lower pressures and lower amounts of resistance compared to systemic circulation
🗑
|
||||
| this many vessels are profused at a time | one third
🗑
|
||||
| the pulmonary artery is exposed to this much pressure | 1/5 the pressure in comparison to systemic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| the pulmonary artery has this amount of walls | thinner walls compared to others in circulation
🗑
|
||||
| When the right ventricles output increases | more blood is delivered to the lungs and become oxygenated
🗑
|
||||
| when excess fluid volume occurs or LV dysfunction occurs | there is an increase in hydrostatic pressure which can allow for storage in the pulmonary vessels
🗑
|
||||
| if there is no room for storage in pulmonary vessels the fluid builds up in | the interstitial spaces
🗑
|
||||
| The primary function of the pulmonary system is to | exchange gases from environmental air to the blood stream
🗑
|
||||
| The exchange of gases from the environmental air to the bloodstream is done by | ventilation, diffusion and perfusion
🗑
|
||||
| diffusion is | the movement of gases between air spaces in lungs and blood stream
🗑
|
||||
| Perfusion is driven by | cardiac output and is a primary role of the cardiovascular system.
🗑
|
||||
| breathing is | inspiration and exhalation
🗑
|
||||
| 4 brain centers control breathing | brain stem, cerebral cortex, chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
🗑
|
||||
| the chemoreceptors are located in | the peripheral arteries
🗑
|
||||
| mechanoreceptors can sense | breathing patterns
🗑
|
||||
| the medullary respiratory center consists of | the inspiratory center and the expiratory center
🗑
|
||||
| the inspiratory center is also known as the | dorsal respiratory group
🗑
|
||||
| the inspiratory center or dorsal respiratory group controls | basic rhythm of breathing
🗑
|
||||
| the inspiratory center receives input from | cranial nerves 9 and 10 and the chemoreceptors
🗑
|
||||
| the inspiratory center sends output to | the diaphram
🗑
|
||||
| the expiratory center is also known as | the ventral respiratory group
🗑
|
||||
| the expiratory center is activated during this | physical activity
🗑
|
||||
| normal expiration is a | passive process
🗑
|
||||
| the regular normal breathing center is the | inspiratory or dorsal group
🗑
|
||||
| The dorsal respiratory center receives afferent impulses from | peripheral chemo receptors that are located in the carotid and aortic bodies
🗑
|
||||
| chemoreceptors can detect the | CO and Oxygen levels
🗑
|
||||
| cranial nerves 9 and 10 are | Glossopharangeal and vagus nerve
🗑
|
||||
| the pneumotaxic center is located in the | upper pons
🗑
|
||||
| the function of the pneumotaxic center is that it | turns off inspiration and limits bursts of action potentials in phrenic nerve
🗑
|
||||
| the pneumotaxic center does this to tidal volume and this to the respiratory rate | limits tidal volume and increases respiratory rate
🗑
|
||||
| the pneumotaxic center antaganizes this center | the apeneustic center
🗑
|
||||
| the apeneustic center is located in | the lower pons
🗑
|
||||
| stimulation of apeneustic center excites the | inspiratory center in the medulla
🗑
|
||||
| apeneustic center controls the intensity of breathing by | prolonging action potentials of the phrenic nerve and prolonging the contraction of the diaphram
🗑
|
||||
| apneusis is | an abnormal breathing pattern with prolonged inspiratory gasps and a brief expiratory movement
🗑
|
||||
| apnic individuals are those who have one of the following | severe neurological damage, decerebrate posture, fixed or dialated pupils, coma, profound stupor, quadraparesis, absent corneal reflex, dolls eye, negative oculocephalic reflex
🗑
|
||||
| apnic individuals are those who have one of the following | severe neurological damage, decerebrate posture, fixed or dialated pupils, coma, profound stupor, quadraparesis, absent corneal reflex, dolls eye, negative oculocephalic reflex
🗑
|
||||
| the cerebral cortex temporarily overrides | automatic brain stem centers
🗑
|
||||
| automatic brain stem centers include | limbic system and hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| the automatic brain stem centers help to regulate | memory
🗑
|
||||
| hypothalamus regulates this part of memory | psychosomatic and emotions associated with anxiety
🗑
|
||||
| hyperventilation | increases the volume and frequency of breath
🗑
|
||||
| people who are hyperventilating are | hypocapnic with low PaCO2
🗑
|
||||
| low PaCO2 correlates with | respiratory alkalosis
🗑
|
||||
| chemoreceptors are located three places | centrally, medulliarily and peripherally
🗑
|
||||
| central chemoreceptors are responsible for | minute to minute control of breathing
🗑
|
||||
| central chemoreceptors are sensitive to | changes in pH of the CSF
🗑
|
||||
| low pH is indicative of | hyperventilation
🗑
|
||||
| high pH is indicative of | hypoventilation
🗑
|
||||
| high PaCO2 is related to this pH | low
🗑
|
||||
| peripheral chemoreceptors are located in | aortic bodies in the aortic arch
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jonquil
Popular Nursing sets