from the handout in D2L
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix. Accumulation of mucus and bacteria can occur which leads to gangrene and perforation
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| Diverticulitis | Diverticula are saccular dilations of colonic mucosa
Diverticulitis is inflammation of the diverticula, resulting in perforation into the peritoneum
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| Hernia | Herniation of a portion of the intestines through a weakened portion of the abdominal cavity
If intestine becomes strangulated, the patient can develop symptoms of a bowel obstruction: vomiting, distention
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| Obstruction | Intestinal contents cannot pass through GI tract
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| Mechanical obstruction | Usually in small intestine
Surgical adhesion is most common cause
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| What are the most common causes of mechanical obstruction in the large intestines? | hernias, tumors and carcinoma
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| Non-mechanical obstruction | Neuromuscular or vascular cause
Paralytic ileus-most common
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| Assessment findings: appendicitis | Periumbilical pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Rebound tenderness
Fever
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| Assessment findings: diverticulitis | Asymptomatic
Abdominal pain
Bloating, flatulence
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| Assessment findings: hernia | Similar to GERD
Bending over may cause severe burning pain
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| Assessment findings: obstruction | Abdominal pain-determine location and assess for rigidity and tenderness
Abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting
Bowel sounds may be absent
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| Risk factors: appendicitis | Most common cause is obstruction of lumen by feces, foreign bodies, excessive tissue growth
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| Risk factors: diverticulitis | Poor fiber intake
High refined carbohydrate intake
Weakened bowel wall
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| Risk factors: hernia | Large meals, heavy lifting, obesity, pregnancy, ascites, alcohol, smoking
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| Risk factors: obstruction | [blank card]
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| Interventions: appendicitis | Pain
Position with right leg flexed
Ice pack to right lower quadrant
Antibiotics and fluids prior to surgery
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| Interventions: diverticulitis | Altered Nutrition-increase fiber intake, weight
reduction, exercise.
Pain
Avoid straining, vomiting, bending, lifting: all activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure
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| What would you monitor for in diverticulitis? | complications: perforation with peritonitis, abscess, obstruction, bleeding
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| Interventions: hernia | (see plan of care 42-2) will edit this card later!
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| Interventions: obstruction | Fluid Volume Deficit related to retention of fluids in intestine, vomiting:
Monitor electrolytes
Administer IV fluids
Care of the NG tube
Pain: position of comfort
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