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Intestinal disorders
from the handout in D2L
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix. Accumulation of mucus and bacteria can occur which leads to gangrene and perforation |
| Diverticulitis | Diverticula are saccular dilations of colonic mucosa Diverticulitis is inflammation of the diverticula, resulting in perforation into the peritoneum |
| Hernia | Herniation of a portion of the intestines through a weakened portion of the abdominal cavity If intestine becomes strangulated, the patient can develop symptoms of a bowel obstruction: vomiting, distention |
| Obstruction | Intestinal contents cannot pass through GI tract |
| Mechanical obstruction | Usually in small intestine Surgical adhesion is most common cause |
| What are the most common causes of mechanical obstruction in the large intestines? | hernias, tumors and carcinoma |
| Non-mechanical obstruction | Neuromuscular or vascular cause Paralytic ileus-most common |
| Assessment findings: appendicitis | Periumbilical pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting Rebound tenderness Fever |
| Assessment findings: diverticulitis | Asymptomatic Abdominal pain Bloating, flatulence |
| Assessment findings: hernia | Similar to GERD Bending over may cause severe burning pain |
| Assessment findings: obstruction | Abdominal pain-determine location and assess for rigidity and tenderness Abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting Bowel sounds may be absent |
| Risk factors: appendicitis | Most common cause is obstruction of lumen by feces, foreign bodies, excessive tissue growth |
| Risk factors: diverticulitis | Poor fiber intake High refined carbohydrate intake Weakened bowel wall |
| Risk factors: hernia | Large meals, heavy lifting, obesity, pregnancy, ascites, alcohol, smoking |
| Risk factors: obstruction | [blank card] |
| Interventions: appendicitis | Pain Position with right leg flexed Ice pack to right lower quadrant Antibiotics and fluids prior to surgery |
| Interventions: diverticulitis | Altered Nutrition-increase fiber intake, weight reduction, exercise. Pain Avoid straining, vomiting, bending, lifting: all activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure |
| What would you monitor for in diverticulitis? | complications: perforation with peritonitis, abscess, obstruction, bleeding |
| Interventions: hernia | (see plan of care 42-2) will edit this card later! |
| Interventions: obstruction | Fluid Volume Deficit related to retention of fluids in intestine, vomiting: Monitor electrolytes Administer IV fluids Care of the NG tube Pain: position of comfort |
Created by:
ld23012
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