concentration of bacteria
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Bacteria | single cell organism. Can carry out all the functions of life on its on in the right condition
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| Identification of Bacteria | shape, cell wall structure, gram-positive, gram negative, aerobic and anaerobic
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| Aerobic | Grows Only in the Presence of Oxygen
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| Anaerobic | Grows Only in the Absence of Oxygen
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| Spore Forming Pathogenic Bacteria | Bacillus family, Clostridium family
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| Bacillus family | Anthrax
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| Clostridium family | Tetanus, difficile, prefringens, botulism
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| What Year Was the Electron Microscope Invented | 1941
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| Viruses | smallest known agent that cause disease infections usually self-limiting. They must've made a living cell in order to carry out the process life.
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| Protozoa | single celled parasite the single celled parasite animals exist everywhere in nature in some form.
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| Disease produce by Protozoa | Malaria, Africa sleeping disease, Amebic dysentery
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| Fungi | fungi responsible for some of the most common disease in humans many are harmless but from all responsible for infections. Belonging to the plant kingdom
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| Types of Fungal Infections | respiratory infections, thrush, barbers itch, Athlete's foot, Jock itch, ringworm
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| Infectious Process progressive course | incubation. Pronominal stage illness stage, Convalescence
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| Localized | Proper care controls the spread and minimized illness wound infection
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| Systemic | infection that affects the entire body can be fatal
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| Incubation Period | interval between invasion by pathogens appearance of first symptoms. can be contagious
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| Prodromnal stage | From onset of nonspecific signs symptoms to appearance of more Pacific symptoms.
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| Illness Stage | Signs/symptoms manifest which are specific to the infection.
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| Convalescence | Acute symptoms resolve; health is returning to normal
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| Inflammation | the protective response of body tissues to irritation, injury, or invasion by pathogen
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| Cardinal signs of Inflammation: | Erythema,Edema,Heat,pain or tenderness, and Loss of function May be triggered by physical agents, chemical agents, or microorganisms
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| Inflammatory Response | The body’s cellular response to injury or infection
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| Systemic signs of inflammation | fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and lymph node enlargement
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| Antibiotic resistant pathogens: | MRSA Methycillin Resistant Staph aureus
VRSA Vancomycin Resistant Staph Aureus
VRE Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
TB
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| Factors Affecting Resistance /Infection Process | Age,Stress, emotional factors,Nutritional status,Habits—e.g., smoking, substance abuse, exercise,Heredity,Disease processes
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| Environmental factors/Infection Process | Medical therapies– e.g., steroids, antibiotics, cancer treatments, organ transplant anti-rejection drugs, etc.
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| Preventing an Infection | Standard Precautions,Transmission-Based Precautions,Natural immunity/resistance,
Immunization,Good health habits--Keeping your resistance high
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| Community level/Preventing an Infection | Sanitation, clean water, pest control, safe agriculture and food handling practices, etc.
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| Fecal Pathogens | Transmitted through fecal—oral route, by means of:
Contaminated water, inadequate sewage management.
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| Terms r/t Disease | Acute,Chronic,Congenital,Hereditary
Morbidity: incidence of a disease (expressed as ratio)
Mortality: death rate (expressed as ratio)
Idiopathic: of unknown origin
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| Types of Nosocomial Risk | Iatrogenic factors, Organizational factors,
Patient factors
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| Nosocomial Infection:Risk Factors | a large number of highly susceptible people,
people carrying pathogens.
Healthcare workers from patient to patient,transmitting microbes
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| Predisposing Factors | poor health,impaired defenses,Advanced age, Premature birth,Immunocompromised, Acute illness, burns, trauma,Chronic disease
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| “The Father of Aseptic Technique | Joseph Lister (1827 – 1912)
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| Predisposing Factors Invasive lines and procedures | IV lines, Catheters, Intubation tubes, Tracheostomy, Surgical drains
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| Predisposing Factors Treatments | Blood transfusions, Parenteral nutrition, Remaining in a recumbent position
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| Most Frequently Occurring Nosocomial Infections | Urinary tract infections– E. coli
Respiratory infections-- pneumonia
Infection of surgical wounds
Blood infection—bacteremia
Colitis-- diarrhea
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| Infection Control Team | Infection Control Practitioner/Professional
Nurses who are specially trained in infection control
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| Immunocompetence | The ability of an immune system to mobilize and deploy its antibodies and other responses to stimulation by an antigen.
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| Immunocompromise: | A state of lowered resistance to disease.
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| Immunity: | Being unaffected by a particular disease or condition.
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| Naturally acquired: | Innate body defenses, heredity
Acquired after an infection
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| Artificially acquired: | Acquired through vaccination
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| Antigen: | A substance that is recognized by the body as foreign, and provokes antibody production.
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| Antibody: | A protein molecule formed in response to a foreign substance.
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| The Immune Response:4 “R’s” | Recognize, Respond, Remember, Regulate
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| Patient Teaching For Infection Control | The nurse will need to educate patient about the nature of infection and the techniques to use in planning or controlling its spread
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| Infection control for home and hospice settings Prevention of infection | Hand washing, food preparation, lines, waste containers, body fluid spills
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