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classifications
concentration of bacteria
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bacteria | single cell organism. Can carry out all the functions of life on its on in the right condition |
| Identification of Bacteria | shape, cell wall structure, gram-positive, gram negative, aerobic and anaerobic |
| Aerobic | Grows Only in the Presence of Oxygen |
| Anaerobic | Grows Only in the Absence of Oxygen |
| Spore Forming Pathogenic Bacteria | Bacillus family, Clostridium family |
| Bacillus family | Anthrax |
| Clostridium family | Tetanus, difficile, prefringens, botulism |
| What Year Was the Electron Microscope Invented | 1941 |
| Viruses | smallest known agent that cause disease infections usually self-limiting. They must've made a living cell in order to carry out the process life. |
| Protozoa | single celled parasite the single celled parasite animals exist everywhere in nature in some form. |
| Disease produce by Protozoa | Malaria, Africa sleeping disease, Amebic dysentery |
| Fungi | fungi responsible for some of the most common disease in humans many are harmless but from all responsible for infections. Belonging to the plant kingdom |
| Types of Fungal Infections | respiratory infections, thrush, barbers itch, Athlete's foot, Jock itch, ringworm |
| Infectious Process progressive course | incubation. Pronominal stage illness stage, Convalescence |
| Localized | Proper care controls the spread and minimized illness wound infection |
| Systemic | infection that affects the entire body can be fatal |
| Incubation Period | interval between invasion by pathogens appearance of first symptoms. can be contagious |
| Prodromnal stage | From onset of nonspecific signs symptoms to appearance of more Pacific symptoms. |
| Illness Stage | Signs/symptoms manifest which are specific to the infection. |
| Convalescence | Acute symptoms resolve; health is returning to normal |
| Inflammation | the protective response of body tissues to irritation, injury, or invasion by pathogen |
| Cardinal signs of Inflammation: | Erythema,Edema,Heat,pain or tenderness, and Loss of function May be triggered by physical agents, chemical agents, or microorganisms |
| Inflammatory Response | The body’s cellular response to injury or infection |
| Systemic signs of inflammation | fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and lymph node enlargement |
| Antibiotic resistant pathogens: | MRSA Methycillin Resistant Staph aureus VRSA Vancomycin Resistant Staph Aureus VRE Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus TB |
| Factors Affecting Resistance /Infection Process | Age,Stress, emotional factors,Nutritional status,Habits—e.g., smoking, substance abuse, exercise,Heredity,Disease processes |
| Environmental factors/Infection Process | Medical therapies– e.g., steroids, antibiotics, cancer treatments, organ transplant anti-rejection drugs, etc. |
| Preventing an Infection | Standard Precautions,Transmission-Based Precautions,Natural immunity/resistance, Immunization,Good health habits--Keeping your resistance high |
| Community level/Preventing an Infection | Sanitation, clean water, pest control, safe agriculture and food handling practices, etc. |
| Fecal Pathogens | Transmitted through fecal—oral route, by means of: Contaminated water, inadequate sewage management. |
| Terms r/t Disease | Acute,Chronic,Congenital,Hereditary Morbidity: incidence of a disease (expressed as ratio) Mortality: death rate (expressed as ratio) Idiopathic: of unknown origin |
| Types of Nosocomial Risk | Iatrogenic factors, Organizational factors, Patient factors |
| Nosocomial Infection:Risk Factors | a large number of highly susceptible people, people carrying pathogens. Healthcare workers from patient to patient,transmitting microbes |
| Predisposing Factors | poor health,impaired defenses,Advanced age, Premature birth,Immunocompromised, Acute illness, burns, trauma,Chronic disease |
| “The Father of Aseptic Technique | Joseph Lister (1827 – 1912) |
| Predisposing Factors Invasive lines and procedures | IV lines, Catheters, Intubation tubes, Tracheostomy, Surgical drains |
| Predisposing Factors Treatments | Blood transfusions, Parenteral nutrition, Remaining in a recumbent position |
| Most Frequently Occurring Nosocomial Infections | Urinary tract infections– E. coli Respiratory infections-- pneumonia Infection of surgical wounds Blood infection—bacteremia Colitis-- diarrhea |
| Infection Control Team | Infection Control Practitioner/Professional Nurses who are specially trained in infection control |
| Immunocompetence | The ability of an immune system to mobilize and deploy its antibodies and other responses to stimulation by an antigen. |
| Immunocompromise: | A state of lowered resistance to disease. |
| Immunity: | Being unaffected by a particular disease or condition. |
| Naturally acquired: | Innate body defenses, heredity Acquired after an infection |
| Artificially acquired: | Acquired through vaccination |
| Antigen: | A substance that is recognized by the body as foreign, and provokes antibody production. |
| Antibody: | A protein molecule formed in response to a foreign substance. |
| The Immune Response:4 “R’s” | Recognize, Respond, Remember, Regulate |
| Patient Teaching For Infection Control | The nurse will need to educate patient about the nature of infection and the techniques to use in planning or controlling its spread |
| Infection control for home and hospice settings Prevention of infection | Hand washing, food preparation, lines, waste containers, body fluid spills |
Created by:
shay7777
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