Ch. 1,2,5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Core values of society: | achievement, individualism, hard work, efficiency, science, material, freedom, democracy, equality, group superiority
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| cultural capital | education, attitudes, etc. that can either raise or lower societal status
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| What's culture? | shared set of beliefs + attitudes among a group of people
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| Private sector media: | 1)owned by small group of people; 2)advertising is primary source of revenue; 3)relies on government; 4)threatened by large corporations; 5)ebiquity of anticommunist sentiment
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| 2 main types of culture: | material and nonmaterial
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| nonmaterial culture |
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| material culture |
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| the 2 types of research: | qualitative + quantitative
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| societal institutions in U.S.(list) | GET FERMM: govt., economy, technology; family, education, religion, media, and medical
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| Who coined the term "sociology?" | Compte
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| Sci. method steps in Sociology: | 1)Select topic; 2)Define problem; 3)Literature review; 4)Form hypothesis; 5) Create a research model.; 6)Collect data; 7)Analyze your results.; 8)Share your results.
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| validity | Extent to which your experimental method measures what you intended it to measure
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| spurious relationship | When 2 things/variable seem to be related, but really--- there's a 3rd, less obvious variable causing what's going on; #churches and number of homicides--- 3rd variable: population=more churches and also more homicides(but separately)
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| George Meade | studied facial expressions' and gestures' different meanings in diff. countries
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| Herbert Blumer | Meade's student; coined "symbolic interaction"
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| Max Weber | hard work, faith, prosperity will cause ppl. to work hard + get far in society; religion is something to believe in + therefore makes cohesion in society
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| The main theories of sociology(conflicts): | symbolic interactionism theory, structural interactionism theory, conflict theory
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| symbolic interactionism | we create personal ID through interactions w/ others; communication through symbols(UT communicated by giant "T"); we act diff. in diff. interactions we have in society
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| achieved characteristics | characteristics one has worked to obtain; college acceptance
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| ascribed characteristics | characteristics one's born w/; race
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| Erving Hoffman | We're all actors w/ a role in society. Role changes depending on time, place, + audience; presentation of self-efforts to create impressions in other people's minds; soc. behavior described in language of theater
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| The main concepts of structural functionalism: | society viewed as a system; certain functional requirements must be met for a society to function; social structures exist b/c they serve a function
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| Charles Cooley | "Looking GLass"; process where indiv. use other people as mirrors.; conceptions of ourselves based on what's reflected back to us by them or what we think is; see ourselves through eyes of other ppl
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| Bourdieu | French soiologist; some things we do socially as we grow up become so natural we don't even realize we do them; tastes, preferences, skills,etc.--- habitus
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| tool kit | set of symbolic devices we learn through our culture + apply to our lives; similar cultures have similar tool kits
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| communication | sharing meaningful info. between ppl. or groups
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| language | comprehensive words + symbols that represent concepts
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| subculture | relatively small groups of ppl. whose affiliations are based on shared beliefs + practices; can be formed around activities or interests; sports fans
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| counterculture | ideals, attitudes, + behaviors that directly go AGAINST our culture; "frowned-upon" cultures; terrorist groups, gangs
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| The things to think abt. when forming research model: | 1)access to resources; 2)access to your subjects; 3)purpose of research; 4)researchers' background and training
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| Emile Durkheim | official father of scoiology; social integration; famous for study on suicide; more social integration = less likely to commit suicide; Protestants more likely than Catholics
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| social integration | degree to which members of agroup feel united by social bonds
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| organic solidarity | We depend on the division of labor to keep our society going; "I need you to do your job so I can do mine."
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| mechanical solidarity | Unity from performing similar tasks + working toward same cohesive goal
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| Karl Marx | Conflict Theory; Communist Manifesto
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| Conflict Theory- Burgeoisie: | owners of means of production(they have the control + power in society)
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| Conflict Theory- Proletariate: | exploited through force + economics; the common people
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| Conflict Theory- Petty Burogeoisie: | very wealthy class, the in-between; have power but they don't own the means of production; some celebrities
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| Conflict Theory roles in order of highest amt. of power: | Bourogeoisie; Petty Bourogeoisie; Proletariate
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| Communist Manifesto | replace capitalism w/ socialism; capitalism-->socialism-->communism;gradual process
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| survey | info. that's obtained by asking standardized questions
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| sample | indiv. groups that are intended to be studied
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| random sample | everyone in target population has same chance of being in your sample; selecting a UT freshman
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| stratified random sample | everyone in selected subgroup has same chance of being in sample; selecting a female UT freshman
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