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bio chapter 2

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Term
Definition
biological perspective   links between biology and behavior  
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neuron   a nerve cell, basic building block of nervous system  
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dendrites   receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body  
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axon   passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands.  
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myelin sheath   fatty tissue layer - enables greater transmission speed  
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action potential   neural impulse - electrical charge  
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threshold   the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse  
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synapse   cell body of the receiving neuron  
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neurotransmitters   chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps. Influences whether neuron will generate neural impulse.  
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reuptake    
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endorphins    
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nervous system   body's electrochemical communication network  
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central nervous system    
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peripheral nervous system    
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nerves   axons that form connections between the nervous system and the muscles, glands, and sense organs.  
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sensory neurons    
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motor neurons    
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interneurons    
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somatic nervous system    
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autonomic nervous system   controls glands and muscles of internal organs (heart)  
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sympathetic nervous system    
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parasympathetic nervous system    
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reflex    
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endocrine system    
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hormones    
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adrenal glands   endocrine glands that arouse body in times of stress  
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pituitary gland    
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lesion    
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electroencephalogram    
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PET scan    
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brainstem    
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medulla    
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thalamus    
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reticular formation    
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cerebellum    
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limbic system    
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amygdala   neural clusters linked to emotion  
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hypothalamus    
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cerebral cortex    
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glial cells    
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frontal lobes    
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parietal lobes    
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occipital lobes    
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temporal lobes    
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motor cortex    
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sensory cortex    
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association areas   linked with mental functions: learning, remembering, thinking, speaking  
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plasticity    
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neurogenesis   the formation of new neurons  
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corpus callosum    
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split brain    
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