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Biology of the Mind
bio chapter 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
biological perspective | links between biology and behavior |
neuron | a nerve cell, basic building block of nervous system |
dendrites | receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
axon | passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands. |
myelin sheath | fatty tissue layer - enables greater transmission speed |
action potential | neural impulse - electrical charge |
threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
synapse | cell body of the receiving neuron |
neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps. Influences whether neuron will generate neural impulse. |
reuptake | |
endorphins | |
nervous system | body's electrochemical communication network |
central nervous system | |
peripheral nervous system | |
nerves | axons that form connections between the nervous system and the muscles, glands, and sense organs. |
sensory neurons | |
motor neurons | |
interneurons | |
somatic nervous system | |
autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles of internal organs (heart) |
sympathetic nervous system | |
parasympathetic nervous system | |
reflex | |
endocrine system | |
hormones | |
adrenal glands | endocrine glands that arouse body in times of stress |
pituitary gland | |
lesion | |
electroencephalogram | |
PET scan | |
brainstem | |
medulla | |
thalamus | |
reticular formation | |
cerebellum | |
limbic system | |
amygdala | neural clusters linked to emotion |
hypothalamus | |
cerebral cortex | |
glial cells | |
frontal lobes | |
parietal lobes | |
occipital lobes | |
temporal lobes | |
motor cortex | |
sensory cortex | |
association areas | linked with mental functions: learning, remembering, thinking, speaking |
plasticity | |
neurogenesis | the formation of new neurons |
corpus callosum | |
split brain |