Study Guide for Biology Test 1 BJU
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| The scientific term for a living thing is a(an) _____________________. | organism
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| All living things are ___________________. | cellular
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| What is the simplest level at which life may exist? | a cell
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| Are all cells alike? | No, they are very different
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| All cells perform various jobs or ________________. | functions
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| What surrounds a cell and separates it from its environment? | Plasma Membrane
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| What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms? | unicellular is one/multicellular is multiple cells
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| Give an example of a multicellular organism and an example of a unicellular organism. | unicellular=bacteria multicellular=animal
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| Multicellular organisms can be organized into what other levels? | Tissue, Organs, Systems
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| What are some of the specific results in the Fall which will lead to death in Man. | viruses, bacteria, aging
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| Examine these 2 organisms *look at picture in guide* Which one is unicellular and which is multicellular (label each)? 1. Pond organism (under a microscope) 2. Crab | 1. unicellular 2. multicellular
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| Define reproduction. | the production of an offspring
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| Must EVERY member of a particular species (one kind of organism) be able to reproduce in order for the species to survive? Explain why or why not. | No, b/c if one breed of dogs become extinct, not all dogs will.
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| What would happen if all individuals in a species were sterile (not able to have babies)? | They would become extinct.
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| Reproduction is NOT essential for the survival of an individual ____________ but is essential for the survival of the ______________. | organism; species
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| What is meant by extinction? | The animals kind is gone forever
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| Name and define the two basic kinds of reproduction. | Sexual - requires two cells (sperm and egg); Asexual - single organism reproducing
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| Identify which organisms are reproducing sexually and which are reproducing asexually. *use pictures to label* 1. bacteria 2. hydra 3. sea urchin | 1. asexual 2. budding 3. sexual
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| How do all organisms begin life? | single cell
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| What is the difference between growth, assimilation and development? | Growth - increase in amount of living materials and formation of new structures; Assimilation - assembling of the component parts that make up their living material; Development - growing and taking on the characteristics of their species
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| Do unicellular organisms GROW? Do unicellular organisms DEVELOP? | Yes & No
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| Do multicellular organisms GROW? Do multicellular organisms DEVELOP? | Yes & Yes
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| Identify which graphic BEST shows growth and which BEST shows development. 1. Grasshopper eggs to Nymph to Young Adult to Adult to Eggs and repeats or 2. Butterfly eggs to Larva to Chrysalis to Adult about to emerge to Adult to Eggs and repeats | 1. Growth 2. Development
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| How is the growth of a living thing different from the growth of a nonliving thing? | Adding cells/ Assimilation
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| Define energy. | Ability to do work
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| Why is energy important to a living organism? | It powers life.
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| What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? | Autotroph=gets its energy from the sun; Heterotroph=gets its energy from food
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| What is the name of the process that plants use to make their own food using energy from the sun? | Photosynthesis
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| Identify each of the organisms below as either a heterotroph or an autotroph. *use diagrams* 1. pacific viperfish 2. something else? | 1. heterotroph 2. autotroph
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| What are some environmental factors (stimuli) that organisms respond to? | Air, weather, temp, water, organisms in the area
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| Organisms must also respond to _____________ factors in order to stay healthy and survive. | irritability
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| What are two internal factors that organisms respond to? | body temp and hormone levels
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| Give two examples from the reading of how living things respond to changes in their environment. | Pupils constricting in the sun and sweating to cool your body temp
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| If light is applied to a human eye, how does it respond? | it constricts (becomes smaller)
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| Describe homeostasis. | The regulation of an organism's internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life.
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| Identify the feature of life________________ "that boy shot up five inches in only one year." | Growth
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| Identify the feature of life _______________ "Our cat had a litter of kittens yesterday." | Reproduction
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| Identify the feature of life _______________ "My dog has become much less clumsy now that he is a year old." | Maturity
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| Identify the feature of life ______________ "Eat a good breakfast and you will be able to run longer." | Energy
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| Identify the feature of life ______________ "When that car pulled in the driveway, my cat ran to hide under the porch." | Responding to environment
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| Identify the feature of life _______________ "That owl's night vision allows it to see the movement of mice on even the darkest night." | ?
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| Identify the feature of life _______________ "Single-celled organisms live in the pond behind school." | unicellular
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| Identify the feature of life ______________ Your body normally maintains a temperature of 98.6 degrees. | Homeostasis
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| Identify the feature of life _______________ A giraffe uses its long neck to eat from the high branches of a tree. | Obtain energy
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| _______________ is another name for "living thing." | Organism
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| Stimulus or Response? The recess bell ringing in an elementary school | Stimulus
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| Stimulus or Response? Your mouth watering at the sight of food on a plate. | Response
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| Stimulus or Response? A sudden drop in air temperature. | Stimulus
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| Stimulus or Response? A flu virus entering your body | Stimulus
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| Stimulus or Response? Getting "butterflies" in your stomach before giving a speech | Response
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| Living or Nonliving? Rust eating a hole in a metal bucket | Nonliving
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| Living or Nonliving? An apple on a tree | Living
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| Living or Nonliving? Bacteria | Living
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| Living or Nonliving? Lightning | Nonliving
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| Living or Nonliving? A dinosaur fossil | Nonliving
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| Living or Nonliving? A wasp | Living
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| Biology is ______________________________________________. | the study of life
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| Living things are called __________________. | organisms
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| What are 8 characteristics of ALL LIVING THINGS? | 1. Living things are composed of cells 2. Have different levels of organization 3. Use energy 4. Respond to environment 5. Grow 6. Reproduce 7. Adapt to environment 8. Die
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| Is a dog made of cells? vs Is a fast moving steam made of cells? | Yes; No
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| Does a dog use energy? vs Does a fast moving stream use energy? | Yes; Yes
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| Does a dog respond and adjust to changes? vs Does a fast moving stream respond and adjust to changes? | Yes; Yes
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| Does a dog reproduce? vs Does a fast moving stream reproduce? | Yes; No
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| Does a dog grow and develop? bs Does a fast moving stream grow and develop? | Yes; No/Yes
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| List the level of organization in order from simplest to most complex | Nonliving: Atom-Molecules-Organelle
Living: Cell - Tissue - Organ - System - Organism - Population - Community - Ecosystem - Biosphere
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| Atom/Molecule | Smallest part of an element or compound
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| Organ | A group of similar tissues working together like the heart or lungs
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| Population | A group of one kind of organism living in an area
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| Biosphere | All living and nonliving things on earth
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| Cell | Smallest level at which life exists
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| Organelle | Parts of a cell such as the nucleus
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| Community | Several populations of organisms living together
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| Biome | All the living and nonliving things living in a similar environment such as a desert
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| Tissue | Group of similar cells working together
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| Organism | A living thing that may be unicellular or multicellular
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| Organisms that CAN"T photosynthesize and must get their energy by eating other organisms are called __________________. | heterotrophs
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| ______________ reproduction produces offspring by combining the genetic information from 2 parents | Sexual
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| An organism like a green plant that can make its own food is called a(an) ____________________. | autotroph
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| The development of an embryonic stem cell into a nerve, muscle, skin or blood cell is called ______________________. | differentiation
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| Humans are ____________ & ________________. | Multicellular; Heterotrophs
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| Growing a new plant by breaking off a piece of an existing plant and sprouting it, is an example of ______________ reproduction. | asexual
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| Shivering when you get too cld is an example of which two concepts you learned about? A. evolution B. metabolism C. homeostasis D. differentiation E. stimulus-response | C; E
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| A signal to which an organism responds ______________. | stimulus
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| Anther name for a living thing is _______________. | organism
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| The "science of life" that studies all living things is called ____________ | biology
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| The process by which organisms as a group change over time; Process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms | evolution
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| The process in which cells change as they grow and develop to become specialized with different functions | Differentiation
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| A set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes | metabolism
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| Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment | homeostasis
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| Involves using energy within a cell | Metabolism
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| Organisms producing more of its own kind | Reproduction
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| Passing of characteristics from parent to offspring | Inheritance
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| When a cell adds structure to itself | Growth
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| Shivering in response to the cold | Homeostasis
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| Scientific Method order (conclusion, observation, hypothesis, experimentation) | Observation - Hypothesis - Experimentation - Conclusion
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| A group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results | Control Group
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| The group where the experimental procedures are performed | Experimental Group
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| An element that can change | Variable
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| An element whose variation does not depend on another | Independent variable
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| An element whose value depends on another | Dependent variable
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| Name two ways that scientists can communicate the results of their experiments. | Publish findings in scientific journals and giving presentations
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| What type of microscope is used to enlarge the image of a cell so it can be seen? | Compound
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| What are the 2 types of electron microscopes? | Transmission and scanning
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| What type of microscope shows the surface only of an object? | Scanning
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| What type of microscope shows a 3-dimensional image of an object? | Transmission
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| Which type of microscope can view LIVING cells ---Compound or Electron Microscope? | compound
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| If the eyepiece lens magnifies an object 10x and the objective lens magnifies 30x, what is the TOTAL magnification on this power? | 300x (x meaning times)
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