endocrine CTS
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| what do you call the system that the endocrine and the nervous system share | neuroendocrine
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| What is the main function of the endocrine system | regulates the body's chemical messengers too maintain homeostasis
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| functions of the endocrine system | water blalnce
uterine contractions & milk release
growth, meabolism and tissue maturation
ion regulation
heart rate and blood pressure regulation
blood glucose control
immune system regulation
reproductive function control
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| two types of glands in the endocrine system | exocrine and endocrine
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| describe an exocrine gland and | exocrine glands release there product into ducts, which carry the products into body cavities, the lumen of an organ, or the outer surface of the body
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| describe the endocrine gland | secrete their products into the extracellular space around the secretory cells. the secretions diffuse into capillaries and are carried throughout the body by the circulatory system.
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| Classification by general function | Tropic hormones, Sex hormones, Anabolic hormones
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| Classification by chemical structure | Classification by chemical structure, Nonsteroid hormones
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| Tropic hormones stimulate what function? | target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion
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| Sex hormones stimulate what function? | target reproductive tissues
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| Anabolic hormones stimulate what function? | stimulate anabolism in target cells
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| Chemically, hormones are either | Steroid, or steroid-like hormones & Non-steroid hormones
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| Steroid, or steroid-like hormones | Sex hormones
Adrenal cortex hormones
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| Non-steroid hormones | Amines
Proteins
Peptides
Glycoproteins
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| Steroid hormones | Synthesized from cholesterol
Lipid soluble; easily pass through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells
Examples: cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
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| Hormones that pass into the blood and act on distant target cells are called _________ or ______________. | circulating hormones or endocrines.
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| Hormones that act locally without first entering the bloodstream are called ___________ | local hormones
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| Local hormones that act on neighbouring cells are called _____________ | paracrines.
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| Local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them are called __________. Local hormones are usually inactivated very quickly | autocrines.
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| Hormones regulate the ___________ and _________ of the internal environment (extracellular fluid). | chemical composition and volume
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| Hormones help regulate | metabolism and energy balance, & contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and secretion by glands
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| Hormones help maintain ____________, despite disruptions, such as infection, trauma, emotional stress, dehydration, starvation, hemorrhage, and temperature extremes | homeostasis
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| Hormones are released into the ____________ surrounding endocrine cells | extracellular spaces
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| what is ment by hormone Lock-and-Key Model: | a hormone acts only on cells that have receptors specific
to that hormone because the shape of the receptor determines which hormone
can react with it…
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| Steroid hormones regulate cells by regulating | production of certain critical proteins
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| The _______ of steroid hormone present determines the _________ | amount magnitude
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| Because transcription and protein synthesis take time | responses to steroid hormones are often slow
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| Most hormones have _________ that directly regulate target cells and many __________that influence or modulate other regulatory mechanisms in target cells | primary effects secondary effects
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| Endocrine glands produce more hormone molecules than are needed; the unused hormones are quickly excreted by the ________ or broken down by __________ | kidneys metabolic processes
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| The second messenger mechanism: also known as the | fixed membrane receptor model
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| Endocrine glands of the body | Pituitary, Pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, heart, gonads, kidneys
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| where is the pituitary gland | Lies at the base of the brain (ventral) in the sella turcica
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| what is the technical name for the pituitary | adenohypophysis and nneurohypophysis
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| what structure connects the pituitary to the brain | infundibulum or pituitary stalk
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| 5 hormones and their organs that relate to the adenohypophysis | bone- growth hormone
adrenal- ACTH (adrenocorticotropiphic)
thyroid -THS thyroid stimulating hormone
testees/ovaries -gonadlotrophs FSH&LH (follicle stimulating hormone & Luteinizing hormone)
mamary-prolactin
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| 2 hormones and their organs that relate to the neurohypophysis | kidney-ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
uterine, mammary gland- OT (oxytocin)
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| Pineal gland is responsible for ____ and secretes what product | body's biological clock, melatonin
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| Thyroid gland is located _________ and produces what 3 hormones | just below the larynx, T3, T4, and calcitonin
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| what is the principle action of the thyroid | to increase the rate of metabolism
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| what disorders can be cause by and over/under active thryroid | graves, hashimoto disease, simple goiter
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| what cell in the thyroid secretes the hormone and where is it stored | follicular cell, colloid
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| what is the primary function of calcitonin | to take calcium out of the blood and put it in the bones
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| where are the parathyroid | behind the thyroid, in front of the larynx
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| how many parathyroid are there | 4
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| what hormone does the parathyroid secrete and what is its function | PTH (parathyroid hormone), takes calcium from the bone and puts it in the blood.
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| Parathyroid hormone acts as antagonist to calcitonin to maintain | calcium homeostasis
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| where are the adrenal glands | The gland sits like a cap on each kidney
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| what two area secrete hormones in the adrenal gland | the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
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| how many hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland | many
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| what are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex | Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, & zona reticularis
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| 3 types of hormones secreted by the adrenal gland | aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens
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| all cortical hormones are steroids and are known as | corticosteroids
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| each layer of the adrenal is responsible for its own hormone, what layer is matched with what hormone | glomerulosa - mineral corticoids
fasciculata - glucocorticoids
reticularis - gonadocorticoids
Medulla - catecholamines
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| mineralcorticoids | aldosterum (sodium potatsium reguation)
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| glucocorticoids | cortisol- to use glucose for energy
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| gonalocorticoids | adrenal androgens, supliment sex hormones
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| catecholamines | epinephrine, and norepinephrine
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| where is the pancreas located | horizontally behind the stomach, and then touches the spleen
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| what type of gland is it | endocrine and exocrine
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| what is the endocrine portion called and what does it secrete | islets of langerhans
alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and pp (pancreatic polypeptide cells
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| what is the exocrine portion called and what does it secrete | Acini
serous fluid containing digestive enzymes into ducts draining into the small intestine
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| what does each cells in the islets of langerhans relate to | alpha cells- glucogon
beta cells- insulin
delta cells - somatostatin (regulate carbohydrates)
pancreatic polypeptid cells secrete pancreatic polypeptides
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| Secretes thymosins Promotes development of certain lymphocytes Important in role of immunity | Thymus Gland
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| Ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone Testes produce testosterone Placenta produces estrogens, progesterone, and gonadotropin | Reproductive Organs
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| Secretes melatonin Regulates circadian rhythms | Pineal Gland
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| Other organs | digestive glands, heart, and kidney
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Created by:
slarrett
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