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endocrine CTS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do you call the system that the endocrine and the nervous system share | neuroendocrine |
| What is the main function of the endocrine system | regulates the body's chemical messengers too maintain homeostasis |
| functions of the endocrine system | water blalnce uterine contractions & milk release growth, meabolism and tissue maturation ion regulation heart rate and blood pressure regulation blood glucose control immune system regulation reproductive function control |
| two types of glands in the endocrine system | exocrine and endocrine |
| describe an exocrine gland and | exocrine glands release there product into ducts, which carry the products into body cavities, the lumen of an organ, or the outer surface of the body |
| describe the endocrine gland | secrete their products into the extracellular space around the secretory cells. the secretions diffuse into capillaries and are carried throughout the body by the circulatory system. |
| Classification by general function | Tropic hormones, Sex hormones, Anabolic hormones |
| Classification by chemical structure | Classification by chemical structure, Nonsteroid hormones |
| Tropic hormones stimulate what function? | target other endocrine glands and stimulate their growth and secretion |
| Sex hormones stimulate what function? | target reproductive tissues |
| Anabolic hormones stimulate what function? | stimulate anabolism in target cells |
| Chemically, hormones are either | Steroid, or steroid-like hormones & Non-steroid hormones |
| Steroid, or steroid-like hormones | Sex hormones Adrenal cortex hormones |
| Non-steroid hormones | Amines Proteins Peptides Glycoproteins |
| Steroid hormones | Synthesized from cholesterol Lipid soluble; easily pass through the phospholipid plasma membrane of target cells Examples: cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone |
| Hormones that pass into the blood and act on distant target cells are called _________ or ______________. | circulating hormones or endocrines. |
| Hormones that act locally without first entering the bloodstream are called ___________ | local hormones |
| Local hormones that act on neighbouring cells are called _____________ | paracrines. |
| Local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them are called __________. Local hormones are usually inactivated very quickly | autocrines. |
| Hormones regulate the ___________ and _________ of the internal environment (extracellular fluid). | chemical composition and volume |
| Hormones help regulate | metabolism and energy balance, & contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and secretion by glands |
| Hormones help maintain ____________, despite disruptions, such as infection, trauma, emotional stress, dehydration, starvation, hemorrhage, and temperature extremes | homeostasis |
| Hormones are released into the ____________ surrounding endocrine cells | extracellular spaces |
| what is ment by hormone Lock-and-Key Model: | a hormone acts only on cells that have receptors specific to that hormone because the shape of the receptor determines which hormone can react with it… |
| Steroid hormones regulate cells by regulating | production of certain critical proteins |
| The _______ of steroid hormone present determines the _________ | amount magnitude |
| Because transcription and protein synthesis take time | responses to steroid hormones are often slow |
| Most hormones have _________ that directly regulate target cells and many __________that influence or modulate other regulatory mechanisms in target cells | primary effects secondary effects |
| Endocrine glands produce more hormone molecules than are needed; the unused hormones are quickly excreted by the ________ or broken down by __________ | kidneys metabolic processes |
| The second messenger mechanism: also known as the | fixed membrane receptor model |
| Endocrine glands of the body | Pituitary, Pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, heart, gonads, kidneys |
| where is the pituitary gland | Lies at the base of the brain (ventral) in the sella turcica |
| what is the technical name for the pituitary | adenohypophysis and nneurohypophysis |
| what structure connects the pituitary to the brain | infundibulum or pituitary stalk |
| 5 hormones and their organs that relate to the adenohypophysis | bone- growth hormone adrenal- ACTH (adrenocorticotropiphic) thyroid -THS thyroid stimulating hormone testees/ovaries -gonadlotrophs FSH&LH (follicle stimulating hormone & Luteinizing hormone) mamary-prolactin |
| 2 hormones and their organs that relate to the neurohypophysis | kidney-ADH (antidiuretic hormone) uterine, mammary gland- OT (oxytocin) |
| Pineal gland is responsible for ____ and secretes what product | body's biological clock, melatonin |
| Thyroid gland is located _________ and produces what 3 hormones | just below the larynx, T3, T4, and calcitonin |
| what is the principle action of the thyroid | to increase the rate of metabolism |
| what disorders can be cause by and over/under active thryroid | graves, hashimoto disease, simple goiter |
| what cell in the thyroid secretes the hormone and where is it stored | follicular cell, colloid |
| what is the primary function of calcitonin | to take calcium out of the blood and put it in the bones |
| where are the parathyroid | behind the thyroid, in front of the larynx |
| how many parathyroid are there | 4 |
| what hormone does the parathyroid secrete and what is its function | PTH (parathyroid hormone), takes calcium from the bone and puts it in the blood. |
| Parathyroid hormone acts as antagonist to calcitonin to maintain | calcium homeostasis |
| where are the adrenal glands | The gland sits like a cap on each kidney |
| what two area secrete hormones in the adrenal gland | the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla |
| how many hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland | many |
| what are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex | Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, & zona reticularis |
| 3 types of hormones secreted by the adrenal gland | aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens |
| all cortical hormones are steroids and are known as | corticosteroids |
| each layer of the adrenal is responsible for its own hormone, what layer is matched with what hormone | glomerulosa - mineral corticoids fasciculata - glucocorticoids reticularis - gonadocorticoids Medulla - catecholamines |
| mineralcorticoids | aldosterum (sodium potatsium reguation) |
| glucocorticoids | cortisol- to use glucose for energy |
| gonalocorticoids | adrenal androgens, supliment sex hormones |
| catecholamines | epinephrine, and norepinephrine |
| where is the pancreas located | horizontally behind the stomach, and then touches the spleen |
| what type of gland is it | endocrine and exocrine |
| what is the endocrine portion called and what does it secrete | islets of langerhans alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and pp (pancreatic polypeptide cells |
| what is the exocrine portion called and what does it secrete | Acini serous fluid containing digestive enzymes into ducts draining into the small intestine |
| what does each cells in the islets of langerhans relate to | alpha cells- glucogon beta cells- insulin delta cells - somatostatin (regulate carbohydrates) pancreatic polypeptid cells secrete pancreatic polypeptides |
| Secretes thymosins Promotes development of certain lymphocytes Important in role of immunity | Thymus Gland |
| Ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone Testes produce testosterone Placenta produces estrogens, progesterone, and gonadotropin | Reproductive Organs |
| Secretes melatonin Regulates circadian rhythms | Pineal Gland |
| Other organs | digestive glands, heart, and kidney |
Created by:
slarrett
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