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PSYCH Midterm

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
show Traits influenced by combinations of genes  
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show Determined by the sequencing of chemicals in one’s DNA  
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show The manner in which genetic code appears as a function of experiences and environmental influences  
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Down Syndrome   show
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Monozygotic twins   show
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Dizygotic twins   show
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Dendrite   show
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show Carry messages away from the cell body (trunk  
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show Bulb-shaped structures at the end of the axons  
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show Fatty substance around axons that facilitate conduction  
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Glial cells   show
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Depolarized   show
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show Each neuron has a threshold; the cell will not fire until the threshold is reached  
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All-or-none principle   show
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Refractory period   show
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Synapse   show
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Neurotransmitters   show
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show Site on receiving neuron where specific neurotransmitter fits  
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show Sending neuron reabsorbs neurotransmitters  
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Excitatory   show
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Inhibitory   show
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show Decreases in ACh is associated with Alzheimer's related memory problems  
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show Affects voluntary movements, learning, memory and arousal  
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show Produced largely in the brain stem; acts as a neurotransmitter and as a hormone; Involved in general arousal, learning and memory, and eating; linked to mood disorders  
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show Involved in emotional arousal and sleep; Deficiencies have been linked to eating disorders, alcoholism, depression, aggression, and insomnia  
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)   show
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Endorphins   show
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Nerve   show
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Central nervous system   show
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Peripheral nervous system   show
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show Afferent and efferent neurons that transmit sights, sounds, smells, temperature, body positions, etc.; Purposeful body movements  
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show  “Automatic” regulates the glands and internal organ muscles: heartbeat, respiration, digestion, dilation of the pupils, etc.  
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show Active during processes that involve spending body energy; fight or flight  
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Parasympathetic division   show
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show Spinal reflexes: unlearned responses to a stimulus that may involve only two neurons: afferent and efferent  
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show A third neuron that transmits the neural impulse from the sensory neuron through the spinal cord to the motor neuron  
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Gray matter   show
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White matter   show
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Electroencephalograph (EEG)   show
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show Regulates vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration  
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show Transmits information about body movements and is involved in functions related to attention, sleep/alertness and respiration  
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show Involved in maintaining balance and controlling motor behavior  
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show Vital in the functions of attention, sleep and arousal  
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show Relay station for sensory stimulation  
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Hypothalamus   show
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show Includes the amygdala, hippocampus, and parts of the hypothalamus; Involved in memory, emotion and in the drives of hunger, sex and aggression  
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Amygdala   show
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show Responsible for thinking and language  
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show A bundle of some 200 million nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres  
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show Cerebrum’s outer layer is about 1/8 inch thick. It is involved in bodily activities, sensations, and responses.  
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Frontal lobe   show
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show  Behind central fissure.; Contains the somatosensory cortex, which receives messages from skin senses all over the body  
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Temporal lobe   show
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Occipital lobe   show
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show Implicated in growth  
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show Regulates maternal behavior in lower animals such as rats; also produces milk in women  
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)   show
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show Stimulates labor in pregnant women  
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Melatonin   show
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Thyroxin   show
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show Release hormones to increase resistance to stress; Promote muscle development and the release of sugar in the liver, making more energy available  
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show Those characteristics involved in reproduction: increased penis size and sperm-producing ability of the testes  
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Secondary sex characteristics   show
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