BIO104 - CH2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass: solid, liquid, gas
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| Element | basic building blocks of matter; can't be broken down by chemical means
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| Atom | Smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element
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| Subatomic particles that make up an atom | Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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| Which subatomic particle(s) reside in the nucleus? | Protons and Neutrons
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| Which subatomic particle(s) move about the nucleus? | Electrons
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| Electron shell | Circle around the nucleus of the atom
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| Atomic Number | All atoms of a an element have the same number of protons. Since the atoms ate electronically neutral, it also tells you the number of electrons. Represented as the bottom number in atom.
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| Mass Number | Sum of Protons and Neutrons
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| Mass of Protons and Neutrons | 1 Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) each
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| Mass of Electrons | 0 AMU
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| Atomic Mass | Is the average of AMU for all Isotopes and is the top number represented in atom.
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| Isotopes | Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Their Mass Numbers are different. Subtract atomic number from mass to find number of neutrons.
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| Radioisotope | An atom that when decays releases various types of energy in form of rays and subatomic particles.
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| Molecule | Atoms that bound with another to forma a chemical unit. Atoms can be the same or different.
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| Compound | A molecules made up of different atoms.
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| Stable Atom | Atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outer shell contains eight electrons.
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| Ionic bonding | Atoms give up or take on an electron or electrons to make a stable outer shell.
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| Ions | Particles that carry either a positive or negative charge. Ion carries a positive charge if more protons; negative charge if more electrons.
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| Covalent bonding | Atoms share electrons.
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| Covalent - Single bonding | Atoms share only a pair of electrons
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| Covalent - Double and Triple Bonding | Atoms share 2 pairs of electrons (double) and 3 pairs (triple).
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| Polar molecule | Has a slightly negative and slightly positive charge between atoms
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| Hydrogen bond | Attraction of a slightly positive, covalently bonded hydrogen to a slightly negative atom nearby. Represented by a dotted line.
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| Properties of water | High Heat Capacity; High Heat of Evaporation; Solvent; Cohesive & Adhesive; Frozen Water is Less Dense than Liquid Water
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| Calorie | Amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1degreeC.
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| How many calories of heat energy does it take to turn coldest water to ice? | Loss off 80
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| How many calories of heat energy does it take to convert 1g of hottest water to gas? | 540
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| Solution | Contains dissolved substances
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| Solutes | the dissolved substances in a solution
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| Hydrophilic | Molecules that attract water
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| Hydrophobic | Molecules that can't attract water. (Nonpolar)
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| Cohesion | The ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding.
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| Adhesion | Ability of water molecules to cling to other polar surfaces.
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| Acids | Substances that dissociate in water, releasing hydrogen ions (H+). The acidity depends on how fully it dissociates.
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| Bases | Substances that either take up hydrogen (H+) or releases hydroxide ions (OH-).
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| PH Scale | used to indicate acidity or basicity of a solution. Below 7 is acidic; above 7 is base and 7 is neutral.
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| Buffers | Help keep the pH within normal limits because they are chemical or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions.
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| Categories of Organic Molecules | Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
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| Organic | A molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually associated with living organisms.
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| Macromolecule | a molecule that contains many subunits
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| Dehydration reaction | When a cell constructs a macromolecule by removing a OH (hydroxyl group) and an H (hydrogen atom) between subunits to make the marcro.
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| Hydrolysis Reaction | When a cell breaks down a macromolecule by components of water are added during the breaking of a bond between the molecules. Add the water to break into subunits.
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| Carbohydrates | Characterized by the presence of atomic grouping H-C-OH where ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 2 to one. Function for quick short-term energy. CH2O
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| Simple carbohydrates | A carbohydrate mad up of just one ring and its carbon atoms is low ( 5 to 7). Monosaccharide and Disaccharide
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| Monosaccharide (Simple) | 1 sugar - glucose
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| Disaccharide (Simple) | 2 sugars connected by covalent bond - maltos
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| Complex carbohydrate (Polysaccharide) | Contain many glucose units - long chain of sugar that can be straight or branched.
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| Types of Polysaccharide | Storage and Structural
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| Storage Polysaccharide | Stores food inside cell (form of energy), easy to break down into sugar units, example: starch and glycogen
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| Structural Polysaccharide | Structural components for cell (not food), not easy to break down, example: cellulose and chitlin
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| Lipids | Contain carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen (CHO)(and some have phosphorous (P)). Does not dissolve in water,used as energy modules found in cell membrane. oils, fats, steroids, phospholipids
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| Lipids (Fats) | Usually animal origin, solid at room temperature, long-term energy storage, insulation from heat loss, cushions for organs
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| Lipids (oils) | Plant origin, liquid at room temperature
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| Triglycerides (Fat) | A type of fat that stores energy, structure made up of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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| Saturated fats | Solid at room temperature because all the fatty acids in triglyceride have only a single bond (straight and easy to pack together).
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| Unsaturated fats | liquid at room temperature because at least one of the fatty acids in the triglyceride has a double or triple bonding making it harder to pack together.
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| Atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries - fatty deposits called plaques form on the inside of blood vessels reducing blood flow and oxygen supply. Caused by saturated fat.
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| Trans Fat | created artificially; hydrogens are on opposite sides of carbon, may be partially hydrogenated; not healthy
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| Polyunsaturated fat | has many double bounds; corn, canola, safflower oil; healthy
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| Which fat is healthiest | polyunsaturated
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| Which fat is unhealthiest | Trans fat
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| Phospholipids (lipid) | main components of membranes; forms a bilayer; structure: glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate group
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| Phospholipids arrangement in cell group | polar head at surface, nonpolar tail at middle, tail to tail;
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| Steroid (lipid) | Structure: 4 fused carbon rings; made of cholesterol; example: estrogen, testosterone, anabolic
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| Polypeptide | formed when 3 or more amino acids are formed by peptide bounds
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Created by:
PFlynn
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