leaves stems and root systems
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are 4 functions of roots? | anchor plant into soil
absorb water and minerals
storage of food
reproductiom
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| What is a primary root? | a root that developes from the seed or from base of a stem
or from base of a stem in the case of ferns
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| What is a secondary root? | ussually found in grain crops
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| What is a tap root? | root with a primary root and multiple secondary roots.
Often an important food source is used in medicine and flavoring foods EX beet carrot Parsnip Radish Turnip Sweet potato
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| What is a Fibrous root? | a root with a single primary root and hairlike projections from the bottom.
it holds the top soil in place and prevents soil erosion.
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| What are the 6 parts of the plants? | Xylem
Phloem
Cambium
Nodes
Internodes
Buds
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| What are the 4 types of above ground modified stems? | Crowns
Spurs
Thorns
stolons
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| What are the 4 types of below ground modified stems? | Rhizomes
Tubers
bulbs
corms
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| What is a bud? | undeveloped shoot that gives rise to leaves or flower parts
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| What are the 4 types of buds | leaf
flower
terminal
lateral
adventitious
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| What are Meristematic Tissues? | sites of repeated cell division of unspecialized cells
the cells differentiate and becomes specialized in function
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| What are vascular tissues? | tissues that conduct food & water throughout plant
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| The xylem... | conducts water and minerals
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| the phloem... | cunducts foods produced via photosynthesis
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| the cambium... | is a meristemmatic tissue giving rise to new xylem and phloem
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| What is a florescence? | a group or cluster of flowers on the same peduncle
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| What is a rachis? | central axis of a spike
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| What is a Spike? | flowers attached directly to rachis
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| What is a sessile? | flowers attached directly to rachis without a pedicel
ex- wheat barley rye
in corn the ear is a modified spike and the rachis is the cob
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| What is a raceme? | just like spike except raceme has a pedicel
flowers are pedicellate
alfalfa sweet clover soy beans
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| What is a Panicle? | has many branches that connect the flowers
flowers may be sessile or pedicellate
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| What is a corymb? | pedicles of different lengths attach at different locations on axis to create flat-topped infloresence
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| What is a umbel? | has no central axis
all pedicles attach at same point at base of florescence?
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| What is a head? | has many sessile flowers that are tightly clustered on a flattened recepticle
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| what are ray flowers | flowers that have petals ussually at edge, and ussually sterile
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| what are disk flowers? | flowers with no petals are in the center usually fertile
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| What is a capitulum? | similar to head inflorescence except the head is rounded
flowers can be sessile of pedicellate
red clover white clover
capit in latin means head
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| What is a fruit? | ripened ovary of a plant containing seeds
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| what are the 3 parts of a seed? | embryo
endosperm
seed coat
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| what are the parts of the embryo? | radicle
hypocotyl
epicotyl
cotyledons
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| thick coated seeds... | germinate slower but are more protected from environment
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| thin coated seeds... | germinate faster
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| What is endosperm? | Short term food supply
formed at fertilization but not part of embryo
used by embryo to fuel its growth
in mature beans endosperm no longer there
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| What is a seed? | a mature ovule containing an embryo
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| What is a cotyledonary node? | POINT WHERE THE COTYLEDON ATTACHES TO THE PLUMULE AND HYPOCOTYL
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| What is the radicle? | the part that developes into the primary root.
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| What is a coleorhiza? | protective sheath around radicle
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| What is a caryopsis? | THE PART OF THE SEED THAT IS FUSED TO THE OVARY WALL
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| What is a hypocotyl? | the internode jsut below the cotyledon node
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| What is a coleoptile | protective sheath for leaves during emergence
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| What is the hilum? | scar where seed attached to ovary wall
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| What is the micropyle? | before fertilization of egg
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| What is the Raphe? | Slight ridge along edge of seed
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| What is the testa? | the seed coat of dicots
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| What are the cotyledons? | food reserves for seed dormancy and germination
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| What is the cotyledonary node? | where two cotyledons attach to the rest of the embryo
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| What happens in STAGE 1 of germination? | Activation/ imbibition
rapid absorption of water
protein synthesis is activated
enzyme driven
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| What happens in STAGE 2 of germination? | Lag Phase/ Digestion and Translocation
metabolic processes kick in
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| What happens in STAGE 3 of germination? | cell division and elongation radicle emerges first then plumule emerges
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| What is hypogeal germination? | Cotyledon emerge above soil surface
results from hypocotyl extension
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| What is Epigeal germination? | seed cotyledons remain underground
results from epicotyl elongation
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| What are advantages to hypogeal germination? |
~take less energy for emergence
~can plant deeper
~frost protection
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| What are advantages to epigeal germination? | ~cotyledons may protect apical meristem if unfavorable weather occurs
~herbivores may damage the cotyledons but not the entire plant
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