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PLANT ANATOMY
leaves stems and root systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are 4 functions of roots? | anchor plant into soil absorb water and minerals storage of food reproductiom |
| What is a primary root? | a root that developes from the seed or from base of a stem or from base of a stem in the case of ferns |
| What is a secondary root? | ussually found in grain crops |
| What is a tap root? | root with a primary root and multiple secondary roots. Often an important food source is used in medicine and flavoring foods EX beet carrot Parsnip Radish Turnip Sweet potato |
| What is a Fibrous root? | a root with a single primary root and hairlike projections from the bottom. it holds the top soil in place and prevents soil erosion. |
| What are the 6 parts of the plants? | Xylem Phloem Cambium Nodes Internodes Buds |
| What are the 4 types of above ground modified stems? | Crowns Spurs Thorns stolons |
| What are the 4 types of below ground modified stems? | Rhizomes Tubers bulbs corms |
| What is a bud? | undeveloped shoot that gives rise to leaves or flower parts |
| What are the 4 types of buds | leaf flower terminal lateral adventitious |
| What are Meristematic Tissues? | sites of repeated cell division of unspecialized cells the cells differentiate and becomes specialized in function |
| What are vascular tissues? | tissues that conduct food & water throughout plant |
| The xylem... | conducts water and minerals |
| the phloem... | cunducts foods produced via photosynthesis |
| the cambium... | is a meristemmatic tissue giving rise to new xylem and phloem |
| What is a florescence? | a group or cluster of flowers on the same peduncle |
| What is a rachis? | central axis of a spike |
| What is a Spike? | flowers attached directly to rachis |
| What is a sessile? | flowers attached directly to rachis without a pedicel ex- wheat barley rye in corn the ear is a modified spike and the rachis is the cob |
| What is a raceme? | just like spike except raceme has a pedicel flowers are pedicellate alfalfa sweet clover soy beans |
| What is a Panicle? | has many branches that connect the flowers flowers may be sessile or pedicellate |
| What is a corymb? | pedicles of different lengths attach at different locations on axis to create flat-topped infloresence |
| What is a umbel? | has no central axis all pedicles attach at same point at base of florescence? |
| What is a head? | has many sessile flowers that are tightly clustered on a flattened recepticle |
| what are ray flowers | flowers that have petals ussually at edge, and ussually sterile |
| what are disk flowers? | flowers with no petals are in the center usually fertile |
| What is a capitulum? | similar to head inflorescence except the head is rounded flowers can be sessile of pedicellate red clover white clover capit in latin means head |
| What is a fruit? | ripened ovary of a plant containing seeds |
| what are the 3 parts of a seed? | embryo endosperm seed coat |
| what are the parts of the embryo? | radicle hypocotyl epicotyl cotyledons |
| thick coated seeds... | germinate slower but are more protected from environment |
| thin coated seeds... | germinate faster |
| What is endosperm? | Short term food supply formed at fertilization but not part of embryo used by embryo to fuel its growth in mature beans endosperm no longer there |
| What is a seed? | a mature ovule containing an embryo |
| What is a cotyledonary node? | POINT WHERE THE COTYLEDON ATTACHES TO THE PLUMULE AND HYPOCOTYL |
| What is the radicle? | the part that developes into the primary root. |
| What is a coleorhiza? | protective sheath around radicle |
| What is a caryopsis? | THE PART OF THE SEED THAT IS FUSED TO THE OVARY WALL |
| What is a hypocotyl? | the internode jsut below the cotyledon node |
| What is a coleoptile | protective sheath for leaves during emergence |
| What is the hilum? | scar where seed attached to ovary wall |
| What is the micropyle? | before fertilization of egg |
| What is the Raphe? | Slight ridge along edge of seed |
| What is the testa? | the seed coat of dicots |
| What are the cotyledons? | food reserves for seed dormancy and germination |
| What is the cotyledonary node? | where two cotyledons attach to the rest of the embryo |
| What happens in STAGE 1 of germination? | Activation/ imbibition rapid absorption of water protein synthesis is activated enzyme driven |
| What happens in STAGE 2 of germination? | Lag Phase/ Digestion and Translocation metabolic processes kick in |
| What happens in STAGE 3 of germination? | cell division and elongation radicle emerges first then plumule emerges |
| What is hypogeal germination? | Cotyledon emerge above soil surface results from hypocotyl extension |
| What is Epigeal germination? | seed cotyledons remain underground results from epicotyl elongation |
| What are advantages to hypogeal germination? | ~take less energy for emergence ~can plant deeper ~frost protection |
| What are advantages to epigeal germination? | ~cotyledons may protect apical meristem if unfavorable weather occurs ~herbivores may damage the cotyledons but not the entire plant |
Created by:
684552012
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