Campbell Biology101 Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell
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| Cell Theory | States that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.
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| Plasma Membrance | Forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings.
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| Chromosomes | The main DNA gene carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell.
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| Ribosomes | Tine structures that make proteins according to instructions from the genes.
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| Cytoplasm | The region between the nucleus and the membrane where all the organelles are.
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| Nucleoid | Nucleus like but does not contain a membrane around the DNA.
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| Flagella | Short hair like structures that help a cell propel through its liquid environment.
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| Organelles | Little organs which perform specific function in the cell.
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| Cellular Metabolism | Chemical activities of cells that occur within organelles.
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| Nucleus | Contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities.
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| Chromatin | When a cell does not divide the proteins and DNA appear as a diffuse mass.
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| Nucleolus | A prominent structure in the nucleus.
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| Endomembrane System | A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.
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| Vesicles | Tiny sacs made of membrane
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) | An extensive membranous network in a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed or ribosome studded or ribsome free regions.
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| Golgi Apparatus | Modification and sorting of macromolecules; formation of lysomes and transport vesicles.
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| Lysosome | Digestion of ingested food, bacteria, and a cell's damaged organelles and macromelecules for recycling.
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| Vacuoles | Digestion; storage of chemicals and cell enlargement; water balance.
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| Central Vacuole | Helps a cell grow in size by absorbing water and enlarging it.
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| Peroxisomes | An organelle containing enzymes taht tranfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide.
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| Mitochondria | Conversion of chemical energy in food to chemical energy of ATP.
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| Cristae | An infolding of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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| Chloroplasts | Conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars.
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| Stroma | The dense fluid within the chloroplasts that surrounds the thylakoid membrane and is involved int eh systhesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
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| Thylakoids | A flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplasts.
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| Granum | A stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in a chloroplast.
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| Cytoskeleton | A network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
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| Microfilaments | The thinnest of the three main kinds of protein fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell.
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| Microtubules | The thickest of the three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell.
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| Centrioles | A structure in an animal cell composed of cylinders of microtubules triplets arranged in a pattern.
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| Cilia | A short cellular appendage specialized for locomotion.
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| Extracellular Matrix (ECM) | Support; regulation of cellular activities.
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| Integrins | A transmembrane protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.
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| Plasmodesmata | An open channel in a plant cell wall through which strands of cytoplasm connect from a adjacent cells.
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| Cell Walls | Support and protect; binding of cells in tissues.
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