Intro to Nuclear Engineering Lecture 1
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| What is a nuclide? | A type of atom characterized by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of every atom of this type. (Ex: Carbon 12 is a nuclide but it's also an isotope of carbon)
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| What is an isotope? | Atoms with the same number of protons but containing different numbers of electrons.
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| Why do protons and neutrons stick together in the nucleus of an atom? | They are bound together by the strong nuclear force. (Very attractive force but it only acts at a range of 2e-15m).
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| What is the mass defect? | Mass defect is the difference between the mass of the constituents of the atom minus the mass of the bound nucleus.
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| Equation for mass energy equivalence: | E = mc^2
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| Equation for binding energy: | Binding energy = (mass defect)c^2
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| What is binging energy? | It is a mass defect between the weight of the nucleus and the individual (unbound) weights of its constituent nucleons.
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| What are the three ways a particle can decay to be more stable? | Break apart, emit a particle, or change a neutron into a proton(or vice versa, usually accompanied by an emitted particle).
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| Alpha Decay | When a particle emits an He nucleus. The particle looses 2 protons and 2 neutrons (4amu). Typical in large, unstable atoms. Z>90
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| Break Apart | Typically happens only in nuclei with Z^2/A > 45
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| Change Nucleon Flavor | AKA Beta Decay, common in nuclei with Z < 90. Negative beta decay is when a neutron is turned into a proton.
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| Nuclear Decay conserves: | Nucleons, charge, total energy, and angular momentum (spin).
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| Decay constant (lamba). | The probability that a single nuclei will decay per unit time.
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| Activity (of the sample) | Number of decays/second (measured in Curies or Becquerel)
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| What is radiation? | Energy transmitted in the form of waves or particles.
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