Pharmacology
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| what medication should Aspirin not be combined with? | other anticoagulants because they increase bleeding. ex- coumadin and Heparin. Do not give to children with viral infection because they cause Reye syndrome!
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| common ANALGESICS | Morphine, NSAIDS(ibuprophen), and Morphine
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| things to know about NSAIDS? | Take with food to decrease GI upset; contraindicated for people with GI cond.;cause peripheral edema; and easy brusing
ulcers
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| Morphine | A respiratory depressant. It should be withheld if the respiration are below 10
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| ANTI-CONSULTANTS: Phenotonin(Dilantin) | Causes gum hyperplasia. Advice client to visit dentist frequently. ck CBC and kidney Fun; can cause hyperglycemia w/ long use; turn urine pink or brown; cause hypotension
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| ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Predisone | Causes Cushing like symptoms. Common side effects are immunosupression (monitor client for infection), hyperglycemia. used for Resp. disorders-asthma- autoimmune cond.; increases heart rate;
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| ANTI-COAGULANTS Heparin | Monitor pt’s lab work-PTT. Antidote is protamine sulfate; ck BP & HR because changes may indicate acute bleeding; give injection @90 degree angle 2 in from navel; dont take med with birth control-Phenytoin-or vitK because the above decrease Hep effects
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| ANTI-COAGULANTS Warfrin (Coumadin) | Monitor pt’s lab work—PT & INR. Antidote is Vitamin K. don't increase foods high in Vit K like cabbage- bruss sprouts- soybeans-
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| ANTI-PARKINSON Cogentin (Benztropine mesylate) *anticholinergic | Used to treat EPS; supresses tremors; causes urinary retention; causes hypertension- tachycardia- photophobia- urinary retention- constipaion
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| ANTI-PARKINSON Sinemet *anticholinergic | Drug is effective when tremors are not observed
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| Gentamicin (Garamycin) (IM, IV) Aminoglycosides antibiotic | Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, causes respiratory depression, rash/hypersensivit,y,use cautiously with pt who have Renal impairment, or hearing loss or Myasthenia Gravis
***dont use with other ottoxic meds like LoopDiuretics because hearing increases!
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| Erythomycin antiinfective-Macrolids | Hepatotoxicity(presents with abdominal pain-lethargt-juandice), GI discomfort take w/meals
-->dont take w/theophylline, Carbamazepine Warfarin, and antihistamines because Erytho. stops the metabloism of these meds and will cause toxicity. or CA+ ch bl.
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| Dimenhydrinate-Dramine Antiemetis/antihistamine | treats motion sickness,po iv im, have sedation so no driving, anticholinergic effects(dry mouth,urinary retention,constipation). dont use together with CNS depressants like Opoids, alchol because they increase antiemetic effect! dont use w/antihyperten.
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| Alcohol withdrawl symptoms | nausea; vomiting; tremors; restlessness and-->increasedheart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature;-->considered a medical
emergency
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| Opioids, including heroin and prescription med withdrawl sys.; agitation, insomnia, flu-like symptoms, rhinorrhea, yawning, sweating, and diarrhea. detox meds>Chlordiasepoixide, Diazepam(Valium), Lorazepam(Ativan), Carbamazepine(tegretol), clonidine, | medications for alcohol detox
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| side effect & contraindations to watch for while taking Albuterol | inhaled agents have verylittle effect, but oral meds can cause palpitaitons. dont consume caffine while on med because will increase palpitaions. use cautiously with diabetics, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, and angina pts.
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| which meds should not be used along with Albuterol? | beta blockers(propranolol) because the negate the efects of the abuterol
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| what medications when combined with Abuterol increase the risk for tachycardia and Angina | MAOI's and trycyclic andtdepressants
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| Theophylline | relaxation of bronchial muscle, treats long term chronic asthma. oral/iv-emercency not used for rescue> watch serum levels 5-20 if dose above normal range can cause dysrhythmias and seizures.
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| medications that increase Theophylline serum levels? | Cimetidine-tagamet; ciprodloxacin-cipro;and also caffine
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| Medication that decreased Theophylline levels? | Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, if pt is onthes meddication the Theophylline dose will need to be increased!
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| manifestations of Anaphylaxis? | anxiety, itching, confusion, nausea vomiting,low pulse and difficulty breathing!
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| what medications treat Myasthenia Gravis, Parkinsons and seizures? | Cholinesterase inhibitors, these medication work to improve nerve transmission. Neostigmine-Prostigmin---->endings gmin and -nium
med not used on asthmatics, pt with peptic ulcers,GI issues, coronary insufficiency.
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| Muscarinic stimulation | an increase in GI motility GI screetions, brdycardia, and urinary urgency. these are side effects of Cholinesterase inhibitors.
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| Neostigmine (treats myasthenia gravis) overdose is treated with what med? | Atropine
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| Scopolamine patch application | place behind ear for motion sickness( its a anticholonergic)leave patch on for 3 days and preplace on opposite ear.
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| loop diuretics that promote urination | Furosemide-Lasix; Bumetanide-Bumex; Torsemide-Demadex
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| Osmotic diuretic used to decrease ICP? | Mannitol.
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