Lincoln tech. LPN A&P test review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
How is bone growth affected by sex hormones? | inhibits (doesn't allow)further longitudinal growth
It also causes the EPIPHYSEAL DISC(growth plate) to fuse
🗑
|
||||
How is bone growth affected by growth hormones? | help make a child grow taller
🗑
|
||||
How is bone growth affected by hormones? | The EPIPHYSEAL DISC(growth plate)is sensitive to its effects
It have a great role in the growth of this growth plate.
🗑
|
||||
What is the epiphyseal disc? | a band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bones
Longitudinal bone growth occurs here
🗑
|
||||
What are the functions of the bone? | support, protect, provide movement,store calcium, exchange blood, store bone marrow, and forms red and white blood cells
🗑
|
||||
What is a compact bone? | dense/hard bone tissue found primarily(mostly) in the shaft of the long bone and the outer surfaces of bones
🗑
|
||||
What is a spongy bone? | Is also know as a cancellous bone is less dense with a Swiss cheese like appearance
Its located primarily(mostly) at the end of a long bone and in the center of other bones
🗑
|
||||
What is a Harversian system or ostens? | are microscopic units of COMPACT BONE
It consist of mature OSTEOCYTES arranged in concentric(having a common center)circles around large blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
What are the two types of ossification? | Intramembranous Ossification and Endochondral ossification
🗑
|
||||
What are the two types of bone? | Compact and Spongy bone
🗑
|
||||
What is ossification? | Natural process of bone formation.
🗑
|
||||
What is Intramembranous Ossification? | Replacement of connective tissue membranes within bones (Ex:flat bone)
🗑
|
||||
What is Endochondral ossification? | Replacement of Cartilage within the fetal skeleton. It turns cartilage into bone tissue. (ex: long bone, irregular bone,short bones.)
🗑
|
||||
What are the parts of a long bone? | Diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal disc, Medullary cavity, Periosteum, and Endosteum.
🗑
|
||||
What is the Shaft of a long bone? | Diaphysis
🗑
|
||||
what is the enlarged end of a long bone? | epiphysis
🗑
|
||||
What is growth Plate? | Epiphyseal disc
🗑
|
||||
what is band is a band of hyaline cartilage at ends of long bones? | Epiphyseal disc
🗑
|
||||
Longitudinal bone growth occurs here. | Epiphyseal disc
🗑
|
||||
The tough outer connective tissue covering the diaphysis of a long bone. | Periosteum
🗑
|
||||
Inside of the medullary cavity is lined with this type of conective tissue. | Endosteum
🗑
|
||||
What is the hollow center of the diaphysis? | Medullary cavity
🗑
|
||||
At Infancy this is filled with red bone marrow but as adults its filled with yellow bone marrow and stores fat. | Medullary cavity
🗑
|
||||
Lined with connective tissue called Endosteum. | Medullary cavity
🗑
|
||||
points of attachment for muscles. | Periosteum
🗑
|
||||
Anchored firmly to the outside of the bone on all surfaces except the articular cartilage | Periosteum
🗑
|
||||
Protects the bone | Periosteum
🗑
|
||||
This is the tough, fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outside of the disphysis. | Periosteum
🗑
|
||||
articulates of meets with second bone at a joint | epiphysis
🗑
|
||||
Consist of a thin layer of compacted bone overlaying spongy bone | epiphysis
🗑
|
||||
Covered by cartilage | epiphysis
🗑
|
||||
Composed primarily of compacted bone and therefor provides considerable strength | Diaphysis
🗑
|
||||
Bone cells | Osteoblast
🗑
|
||||
containing calcium, other minerals, and protein fibers. | Osteoblast
🗑
|
||||
Matures into osteocytes that sit within the hard bones Matrix and maintains the bone. | Osteoblast
🗑
|
||||
Osseous tissue | Bones
🗑
|
||||
What is osteoclast? | Eroding cavity of this cell remodels and expands the medullary cavity.
🗑
|
||||
Responsible for bone resorption. | Osteoclast
🗑
|
||||
Bone-building cells | Osteoblast
🗑
|
||||
What is a tendon made out of? | Fascia
🗑
|
||||
Layers of dense connective tissue | Fascia
🗑
|
||||
osteology | study of bones
🗑
|
||||
Mostly found in infants | red bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
Adults have it only in there sternum, ribs, body of the veterbrae, proximal end of the long bone and crest of the illium | Red bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
osteocyte | mature bone cells
🗑
|
||||
Bony plate found in spongy bone | trabeulae
🗑
|
||||
Articular cartilage | found on the outer surface of the epiphysis
🗑
|
||||
Different parts of the Sternum | manubrium,body,and xiphoid process
🗑
|
||||
The part of the sternum closest to the collarbone | manubrium
🗑
|
||||
The largest part of the sternum | body
🗑
|
||||
Lower tip of the sternum | xiphoid process
🗑
|
||||
Suprasternal notch | depression on the superior border of the manubrium
🗑
|
||||
Manubrosternal joint | located between the manubrium and the body of the breast bone
🗑
|
||||
Where is the ulna located | forearm bone (smaller bone)
🗑
|
||||
Where is the humerous located | Arm bone.. its connected to your shoulder bone
🗑
|
||||
Clavile | collarbone
🗑
|
||||
Scapula | Shoulder blade
🗑
|
||||
Where is the tibia located | lower leg bone (bigger bone)(distal(below) to the knee)
🗑
|
||||
phalanges | Finger bones (14)
🗑
|
||||
Where Is the femur located | Thigh bone
🗑
|
||||
Metacarpals | Palm bones (5)
🗑
|
||||
Carpals | Wrist bone
🗑
|
||||
Metatarsals | Instep of foot (not the toes) (5)
🗑
|
||||
Where is the radius located | Forearm bone (bigger bone)
🗑
|
||||
Calcaneus | foots heal bone
🗑
|
||||
Where is the cuboid located | in the foot
🗑
|
||||
Appendicular skeleton | upper and lower limbs,pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
🗑
|
||||
Axial skeleton | Cranium, rib cage,vertebral column
🗑
|
||||
What are the different sections of the vertebral column (vertebrae) | cevical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
🗑
|
||||
The two bones located in the cevical part of the vertebrae that allow the head to move | atlas and atix
🗑
|
||||
The tail of the vertebrae thats connected to the sacrum | coccyx
🗑
|
||||
Where blood is formed | bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
Dressions in the bone | Foramen, fossa, meatus, sinus
🗑
|
||||
foramen | passway of nerves and blood vessels; opening through a bone
🗑
|
||||
Fossa | depression or groove
🗑
|
||||
Meatus | tunnel; tubelike passageway
🗑
|
||||
sinus | a cavity or hollow space
🗑
|
||||
Parietal bone | the to side bones of the head
🗑
|
||||
temporal bone | close to the side of the ear; Zygomatic process, styoild process,external aduitory meatus, and mastoid process make up this
🗑
|
||||
occipital bone | located at the back and base of the head;
🗑
|
||||
Foramen magnum | the large hole in the occipital bone
🗑
|
||||
Fascia layers | Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
🗑
|
||||
Cheek bones | zygomatic process
🗑
|
||||
external aduitory meatus | forms the opening of the ear
🗑
|
||||
styoild process | point of attachment of several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx; sharp projection
🗑
|
||||
mastoid process | Point of attachment for neck muscles
🗑
|
||||
Frontal bone | crown of head and upper part of bony structure of the eye
🗑
|
||||
sphenoid bone | butterfly-shaped bone that forms parts of the floor and side of the cranium
🗑
|
||||
ethmoid bone | is an irregularly shaped bone located between the eyes orbits ; right where the nose starts
🗑
|
||||
mandible | lower jaw bone
🗑
|
||||
temporomandibular joint | tmj
🗑
|
||||
t in tmj stands for | temporal
🗑
|
||||
m in tmj stands for | mandible
🗑
|
||||
maxilla | upper jaw bone
🗑
|
||||
palatine bone | posterior part of the hard palate (back of the roof of mouth)
🗑
|
||||
zygomatic bone | cheek bone
🗑
|
||||
sinuses | air-filled cavities of several parts of the cranium
🗑
|
||||
scoliosis | lateral curvature (curve) in back
🗑
|
||||
kyphosis | hunch back; exaggerated thoracic curvature (curve)
🗑
|
||||
lordosis | exaggerated lumbar curvature (curve) called swayed back
🗑
|
||||
True ribs | First seven (7) ribs, attach directly to the sternum
🗑
|
||||
False ribs | next five (5) ribs, do not connect to the sternum directly
🗑
|
||||
floating ribs | last two (2) ribs,do not attach at all; looks like they are floating
🗑
|
||||
Pectoral girdle | contains the clavicle and scapula
🗑
|
||||
fontanels | babys soft spot; also provides movement
🗑
|
||||
Athophy | waste away
🗑
|
||||
type of athophy | Disuse,Denervation,senile
🗑
|
||||
disuse athophy | not using extremities
🗑
|
||||
denervation athrophy | nerves are severed
🗑
|
||||
Senile athrophy | normal aging prosses
🗑
|
||||
hypertrophy | Growth in response to over use
🗑
|
||||
Flexion | bend hand, leg or arm inward
🗑
|
||||
Extension | bend leg or arm outward ; to straighten hand
🗑
|
||||
eversion | turning foot outward away from other foot
🗑
|
||||
inversion | turning sole of foot inward closer to other foot
🗑
|
||||
addution | adding to the body or mid-line, bring leg towards body midline
🗑
|
||||
abduction | to take away from body or mid-line; move leg side ways
🗑
|
||||
supination | turning palm upward so the palm is visible
🗑
|
||||
pronation | palm is face downward ; turn palm downward so back hand is visible
🗑
|
||||
doriflexion | bend foot upward towards the leg
🗑
|
||||
plantor flextion | toe dancing; bend foot down
🗑
|
||||
Hyperextention | overextending the hand upward
🗑
|
||||
I.n.o stands for | In take and out take
🗑
|
||||
frontails | forehead muscles; raises eyebrows
🗑
|
||||
external and internal Intercostals | thoracic cavity muscles; helps breathing
🗑
|
||||
deltoid | shoulder muscles; abducts,extends, and rotates arm
🗑
|
||||
Platysma | lower facial muscles; opens mouth wide
🗑
|
||||
orbicularis oculi | eye muscle; closes eye; allows you to wink blink and squint
🗑
|
||||
tibialis anterior | foot muscles; doriflexes foot
🗑
|
||||
Two aspects of muscle contracton | Eletrical and contractile
🗑
|
||||
Ankle and foot muscles | Tibialis anterior and soleus
🗑
|
||||
Thigh and leg muscles | Gluteus maxiums,tensor faciae latae, and quadriceps femoris
🗑
|
||||
cardiac muscle | Involuntary, striated, and found in heart
🗑
|
||||
smooth muscles | involuntary, viseral muscle,and nonstriated
🗑
|
||||
skeletal muscle | voluntary,striated,and attached to bone
🗑
|
||||
contracture | abnormal fibrous formation in the muscle that freezes in flexed posistion
🗑
|
||||
myosin | contracted protein, actins contain binding sites for this, thick_____ filaments sit between the thin filament, ______heads
🗑
|
||||
sarcomere | found inside the myofibrils, from z-line to z-line
🗑
|
||||
thin filament | actin and troponin
🗑
|
||||
thick filaments | myosin
🗑
|
||||
contracted proteins | myosin and actin
🗑
|
||||
masseter | closes and retrats jaw
🗑
|
||||
tonus | muscle tone, to normal continuous state of partical muscles contractions
🗑
|
||||
zygomaticus | cheekbone muscle; smiling
🗑
|
||||
belly | refers to the enlarged fleshy body of the muscle between the slender points of attachment
🗑
|
||||
recruitment | the more motor units activated the greater the force of the contraction
🗑
|
||||
motor unit | the nerve and innervated muscles fibers
🗑
|
||||
neck muscles | sternocleidomastoid
🗑
|
||||
facial muscles | frontalis, obricularies,levator palpebrae superoris, orbicularis oris buccinator, zygomaticus, platysma
🗑
|
||||
muscles of the abdominal wall | external and internal obilque; transverse and rectus abdominis
🗑
|
||||
Diaphragm | major breathing muscle
🗑
|
||||
musles of the shoulders | latissimus dorsi,pectoralis major,deltoid
🗑
|
||||
muscles of the forearm | biceps and triceps brachii
🗑
|
||||
biceps brachii | bring in arm at the elbow joint
🗑
|
||||
triceps brachii | straighten arm at the elbow
🗑
|
||||
levator palpebrae superoris | eye muscle; opens eye lids
🗑
|
||||
soleus | plantar flextion of foot
🗑
|
||||
Neck muscle; turns head | sternocleidomastoid
🗑
|
||||
Quadriceps femorius | vastus: lateralis vastus, intermedius vastus,medialis vastus
rectus: femoris rectus
🗑
|
||||
tensor fasciae latae | thigh muscle; adducts and rotates thigh
🗑
|
||||
orbicularis oris buccinator | lips muscle ; close mouth, purses lips, kissing
🗑
|
||||
latissimus dorsi | swimmer muscle; adducts and rotates the arm out backward
🗑
|
||||
pectoralis major | adduct and rotates arm across chest
flex and extends arm
🗑
|
||||
temporalis | closes and retracts jaw
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jenniferlynnen
Popular Nursing sets