chapter 18
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What does the heart consist of? | endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
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| What surrounds the heart? | pericardium
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| What does the pericardium space contain? | fluid of 5-20ml
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| What does the pericardium provide? | barrier to infection, prevents displacement of the heart, pain and other receptors that reflex the changes in heart rate and blood pressure
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| What is the pericardium? | double-membranous sac
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| How many chambers are in the heart? | four chambers; right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
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| What does it make up? | two coordinated pumps for left and right
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| What is the right side of the heart for? | low-pressure system
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| What is the left side of the heart for? | high-pressure system
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| What does the right atrium and right ventricle receive and where does it go? | deoxygenated blood; goes to the lungs
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| What does the left atrium and left ventricle receive and where does it go? | oxygenated blood; goes through the systemic circulation
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| What separates the right and left sides | septum
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| What directs the flow of blood through the heart chambers? | cardiac valves
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| How does blood enter the right atrium? | superior and inferior vena cava
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| Where does the blood go after superior and inferior vena cava? | right atrium
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| When the blood leaves the right atrium where does it go and where does it circulate to? | right ventricle and circulates to the lungs
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| Once blood circulates in the lungs, what is exchanged? | carbon dioxide
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| What does the other arteries in the body carry? | oxygenated blood
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| Where does the left atrium receive blood? | pulmonary veins
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| What does other veins carry in the blood? | carbon dioxide
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| Where does the left ventricle ejects from carrying blood from the body? | aortic valve
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| What supplies the cardiac muscle with blood? | coronary arteries
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| What does the left coronary artery divide and cicumflex? | anterior descending; providing blood for the left side
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| What does the right coronary arteries provides? | blood for the right atrium, right ventricle, posterior wall of left ventricle
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| Where is the heart located? | within the mediastinum, tilted forward to the left side of the chest
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| Where can the point of maximal (PMI) impulse be found? | fifth and sixth ribs on the dividing of the left clavicle in half
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| How is the heart pumping action sparked? | special pacemaker cells and conduction fibers
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| Where is the conduction pathway located? | myocardium
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| Where is the SA node located? | right atrium
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| What is another name for SA node and why> | pacemaker, because its the initiates the electrical impulses
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| Where is the AV node located? | bottom of right atrium
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| What does it relay and where does it relay to? | impulses from SA node, bundle of his, and to the purkinje fibers
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| What is influence by autonomic nervous system? | heart rate and rhythm
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| What are the factors affecting the ANS? | speed up or slow down the heart rate
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| What does the cardiac cycle consist of? | contractions of the muscle and relaxation of the muscle
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| What is the amount of cardiac output and the amount of blood returning? | depends on the heart rate; 5liters
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| What is ejection fraction and what is the percentage? | percentage of blood ejected out from the heart during systole
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| What happens as ejection fraction decreases? | heart failure; tissue perfusion diminishes
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| What can cause pulmonary edema? | too much blood and the increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels
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| What does stroke volume mean? | the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during contraction
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| What is cardiac output? | stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate
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| What are the three types of blood vessels that make up the vascular system? | arteries, veins, and capillaries
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| What is the function of the blood vessels? | conduct the blood from the body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues
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