PCP CS251 cardiac conditions blackboard flashcards
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| Assuming that ALS is not available, will you normally give the first nitroglycerine at the scene, or en route? |
At the scene
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| Before giving nitroglycerin, you must ensure that the patient s BP is greater than: | 100 mm Hg
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| Before initiating the Chest Pain protocol, you must have completed the following tasks: |
Investigated the pain severity
Obtained a history sufficient to suggest that the pain is cardiac in nature, and rule out the contraindications for Nitroglycerin and ASA,
Obtained a baseline set of vital signs
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| Cardiovascular causes of chest pain include: | Cardiac ischemia
Pericarditis
Thoracic dissection of the aorta
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| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a disease affecting the: | Hear or peripheral blood vessels
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| Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of: | cardiovascular disease
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| Five examples of sympathomimetic agents are: | Dopamine
Dobutamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Isoproterenol
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| Gastrointestinal causes of chest pain include: |
Cholecystitis
Pancreatitis
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal disease
Gastroesophageal reflux
Peptic ulcer disease
Dyspepsia
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| Medications that act to break up blood clots blocking a blood vessel are known as: | Thrombolytic agents
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| Musculoskeletal causes of chest pain include: |
Chest wall syndrome,
Costochondritis
Acromioclavicular disease
Herpes zoster
Chest wall trauma
Chest wall tumors
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| On an ECG printout, the P wave corresponds to: | atrial depolarization
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| Respiratory causes of chest pain include: | Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
Pleural effusion
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| Seven examples of antidysrhythmic medications are: | Atropine sulfate
Lidocaine
Procainamide
Bretylium
Adenosine
Amiodarone
Verapamil
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| Sinus tachycardia results from: |
An increased rate of SA node discharge.
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| Stable angina occurs during: | activity
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| The Five Ps of acute arterial occlusion are: | Pallor
Pain
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Paresthesia
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| The QRS complex reflects: | ventricular depolarization
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| The QT interval describes: |
The period from the beginning of the QRS to the end of the T wave.
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| The T wave reflects: | repolarization of the ventricles
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| The acronym ECG stands for | Electrocardiogram
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| The amount and route of each dose of ASA that you will administer is: | 160mg po
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| The amount and route of each dose of nitroglycerine that you will administer is: | 0.4mg sl
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| The maximum amount of nitroglycerine that you are allowed to give a patient is 3 doses within the following time frame: | 30 minutes
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| The most common symptom of CHF is: | laboured breathing
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| The term 'angina pectoris' can be defined as: | Chest pain that results when the heart s blood supply is transiently exceeded by myocardial oxygen demands.
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| The term 'asystole' can be defined as: | the absence of all cardiac electrical activity
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| The term 'cardiac arrest' can be defined as: | The absence of ventricular contraction.
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| The term 'deep vein thrombosis' can be defined as: | A blood clot in a vein
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| The term 'defibrillation' can be defined as: |
The process of passing an electrical current through a fibrillating heart to depolarize a critical mass of myocardial cells.
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| The term 'dissecting aortic aneurysm' can be defined as: |
An aneurysm caused when blood gets between, and separates, the layers of the aortic wall.
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| The term 'dysrhythmia' can be defined as: | Any deviation from the normal electrical rhythm of the heart.
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| The term 'dysrhythmia' is often used interchangeably with the term: | arrhythmia
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| The term 'heart failure' can be defined as: |
A clinical syndrome in which the heart’s mechanical performance is compromised, so that cardiac output cannot meet the body’s needs.
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| The term 'hypertensive emergency' can be defined as: |
An acute elevation of blood pressure that requires the blood pressure to be lowered within one hour.
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| The term 'myocardial infarction' can be defined as: |
Death and subsequent necrosis of the heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply.
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| The term 'normal sinus rhythm' can be defined as: | A normal heart rhythm
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| The term 'refractory period' can be defined as: |
The period of time when myocardial cells have not yet completely repolarized, and cannot be stimulated again.
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| The term 'sudden death' can be defined as: |
Death within one hour after the onset of symptoms.
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| The term 'synchronized cardioversion' can be defined as: | The passage of an electric current through the heart during a specific part of the cardiac cycle to terminate certain kinds of dysrhythmias.
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| The term 'varicose veins' can be defined as: |
Dilated superficial veins, usually in the lower extremity.
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| The term 'vasculitis' can be defined as: | Inflammation of blood vessels
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| The term 'ventricular fibrillation' can be defined as: |
A chaotic ventricular rhythm, usually resulting from the presence of many reentry circuits within the ventricles.
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| The term 'atherosclerosis' can be defined as: |
A progressive, degenerative disease of the medium-sized and large arteries.
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| The term 'paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea' can be defined as: |
A sudden episode of difficult breathing that occurs after lying down; most commonly caused by left heart failure.
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| The term used to describe a clot in one of the pulmonary arteries is known as a | Pulmonary embolism
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| The term used to describe a condition in which the heart s reduced stroke volume causes an overload of fluid in the body s other tissues, is known as: | CHF (congestive heart failure)
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| The term used to describe a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute is known as: | Tachycardia
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| The term used to describe a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute is known as: | bradycardia
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| The term used to describe a thickening, loss of elasticity, and hardening of the walls of the arteries from calcium deposits is known as: | arteriosclerosis.
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| The term used to describe a variant of angina pectoris caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries is known as: | prinzmetal’s angina (or vasospastic angina, or atypical angina).
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| The term used to describe the accumulation of excess fluid inside the pericardium is known as: | cardiac tamponade
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| The term used to describe the ballooning of an arterial wall, resulting from a defect or weakness in the wall, is known as a(n): | aneurysm
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| The term used to describe the duration from the beginning of the cardiac arrest until effective CPR is established is known as: | down time
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| The term used to describe the inability of the heart to meet the metabolic needs of the body, resulting in inadequate tissue perfusion, is known as: | cardiogenic shock
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| Unstable angina occurs at: | rest
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| ou have initiated the nitroglycerine protocol and are en route to the hospital. 2 doses of nitroglycerine have not relieved the patient s complaint of chest pain. The patient s BP is 90 systolic | Entonox, allowing 5 minutes to elapse from the last dose of nitroglycerine.
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