Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope
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| Simple microscope | has only one lens
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| Compound Microscope | has 2 or more lenses
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| Compound Light Microscope | used to observe living organisms, resolution up to .2 micrometers, magnifies up to 2000x, requires stains
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| Darkfield microscope | able to see things you cannot see in CLM because of the dark background
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| Phase contrast microscope | similar to CLM, shows 3D image and internal structures
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| Fluorescence Microscopy | uses higher wavelengths of light than can be absorbed
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| Confocal | stain specimen, hit with blue light and reconstruct with a computer to get 3D view
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| Transmission Electron Microscopy | magnify 10,000x resolution 20nm, look inside cells
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| Scanning Electron Microscopy | 10 nm resolution, magnification 10,000, allows view of cell surface
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| Staining | coloring organisms with the application of dye
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| Smear | applying organisms to a slide
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| Fixed | act of attaching the specimen to the slide
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| need for staining | live/unstained cells have little contrast with surrounding medium, making them difficult to see, researchers use staining to make discoveries about cell behavior by observing specimens
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| Basic dyes | chromaphore is a cation (+)
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| acidic dye | chromaphore is an anion (-)
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| Negative stain | staining only the background
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| simple stains | only use one dye
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| Mordant | amplifies appearance of the primary stain
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