Viral Diseases of the Respiratory Tract
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| What is the principal cause of the common cold? | rhinoviruses
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| If you have 113 bouts of rhinovirus, will you be immune for the rest of your life? | no--immunity lasts only one year
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| what is the major site of infection for adenoviruses? | upper respiratory tract
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| How many adenoviral infections can an individual experience? | at least 50
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| What are the two surface virulence proteins of the influenza virus? | neuraminidase and hemagglutinin
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| What is the function of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin? | neuraminidase--breaks down protective mucous layer that lines the throat--hemagglutinin--attaches to ciliated epithelial cells in throat--virus can enter and kill cells
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| Pandemic | worldwide epidemic
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| Antigenic drift | mutational change in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes
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| Antigenic shift | complete hemagglutinin gene change
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| what is the cause of death in those who have influenza? | cause of death in those with influenza is secondary to bacterial pneumonia
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| How do amantadine, ribavirin, and zanamivir function? | inhibit uncoating, viral RNA replication, and jeuraminidase, respectively
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| What is the overall effectiveness of influenza vaccines? | overall effectiveness of influenza vaccines in 70-80%--save many lives
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| Parotitis | inflammation of the parotid(salivary) glands caused by mumps virus
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| Orchitis | inflammation of the testes caused by mumps virus
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| What two diseases are caused by varicella-zoster virus, and how are they transmitted? | chicken pox and shingles--chicken pox--transmitted via resp tracct droplets--shingles--latent--occurs when endogenous viruses reactivated
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| Who is at risk for rubella virus? | a fetus, especially during the first trimester, is at risk for rubella virus
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| Who is given rubella vaccine? | general population given rubella vaccine to protect the unborn
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| What is MMR? | single dose vaccine for mumps, measles, and rubella
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| List the alternative name for measles | seven-day measles
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| List the alternative name for rubella | 3-day measles or German measles
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| Who is at risk for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? | infants and young children
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| What needs to be done when an RSV case appears in a neonatal ward? | infected children isolated and treated with ribavirin via respirator--health-care workers should wear protective equipment
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| What two tissue types are predominately infected by poliovirus? | alimentary canal and neurons in the spinal column
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| How do we prevent paralytic polio? | vaccination with the salk(killed virus) and Sabin(live-attenuated virus) vaccines
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