Nursing Skills Vocabulary
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| Acupressure | uses gentle pressure at similar points on the body
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| Acupuncture | complementary and alternative medicine therapy that stimulates certian points on a body by insertion of special needles to modify the perception of pain, normalize physologic functions, and to treat or prevent disease
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| Allopathic medicine | Tradiotional or conventional Western medicine
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| Aromatherapy | an alternative therapy that uses essential oils produced from plants to provide health benifits
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| Biofeedback | a noninvasive method of determining a patients neuromuscular and autocnomic nervous system response by measuring body functions with the use of electronic or electromechanical equipment
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| Complimentary therapies | therapies that are used in addition or as a complement to nontraditional therapies
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| Herbal therapy | an alternative therapy that uses herbs to provide health benifits
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| Holistic nursing | a system of of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of the person
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| Imagery | visulation techniques to create mental images to evoke physical changes in the body, improve perceivedd well-being, and enhance self-awarness
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| Reflexology | a form of complementary and alternative medicine based on the premise that zones and reflexes in different parts of the body correspond to all parts, glands, and organs of the entire body
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| Relaxation | teh state of generalized decreased cognitive, physiologic, or behavioral arousal
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| Therapeutic massage | the manipulation of the soft tissues of the body to assist with healing
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| Yoga | holistic system of mind-body connection that includes control of the body through correct posture and breathing, control of teh emotions and mind, and meditiation and contemplation
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| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | a substance produced in the mitochondria from neutrients and is capable of releasing energy that in turn enables the cell to work
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| Active transport | the movement of materials across the membrane of a cell by means of chemical activity, which alllows the cell to admit larger molecules than would otherwise be able to enter
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| Passive transport | the movement of small molecules across the membrane of a cell by diffusion; no cellular energy required
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| Isotonic | having the same osmotic pressure as blood
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| Hypertonic | a solution of higher osmotic pressure
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| Hypotonic | a solution of lower osmotic pressure
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| Bicarbonate (HCO3) | a main anion of the extracellular fluid
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| Culture | a laboratory test involving cultivation of microorganisms or cells in a special growth medium
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| Cytology | study of cells and their formation, origin, structure, biochemical activities, and pathology
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| Expectorate | to eject mucus, sputum, or fluids from the trachea and lungs by coughing or spitting
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| Fixative | any substance used to preserve gross or histologic specimens of tissue for examination
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| Hemoccult test | detects hidden blood feces
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| Paracentesis | a procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from the abdominal cavity
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| Sensitivity | a laboratory method of determining the effectiveness of antibiotics
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| Infiltration | the process whereby a fluid passes into the tissue
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| Lumen | space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube such as a needle or catheter
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| Patency | a condition of being opened and unblocked
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| Peripheral | pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ, other structure or fluid of vision
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| Vasocontriction | when the lumen of the blood vessel narrows, thus hindering blood flow and resulting in less edema
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| Vasodilation | when the lumen of the blood vessel widens, thus increasing the blood flow
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| Venipuncture | most common medthod of drawing a blood sample, involving inserting a hollow-bore needle into the lumen of a large vein
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| Gauge | a standard or scale of measurement
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| Percutaneous | through the skin or mucus membrane
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| What are the three parts to blood? | Red blood cells, White blood cells, and platelets
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| What are the two different types of white blood cells? | Granular and Nongranular
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| What are the three different types of Granular cells? | Basophil, Neurophil, and Eosinophil
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| What are the two different types of Nongranular cells? | Lymphocytes and Monocytes
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| What are the different types of Lymphocytes? | T cells and B cells
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| What is the normal pH range of blood? | 7.35 to 7.45
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| What is the normal Na concentration of blood? | 0.9%
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| Average adult blood volume | 5 to 6 L or 10.5 to 12.5 pints
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| What are the functions of blood cells? | transport(oxygen, nutrition, waste, hormones), regulate(pH and water concentrate), and protect(infection, blood loss)
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| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells RBC's
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| What is the life span of a red blood cell? | 120 days
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| Approximatey how many red blood cells are in the body? | 5.5 million for male and 4.8 million for female
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| What is the job of Hemoglobin? | carries oxygen
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| What id the normal level of Hemoglobin? | 14-16 g/dL for male 12-16 for female
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| Where are red blood cells produced? | Red bone marrow, vertebrae, ribs, sternem, proximal ends of humerous and femer
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| Erythropoiesis | process of red blood cell production
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| Hematocrit | measure of red blood cells
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| What is the normal percentage of hematocrit? | 42-52% for male and 37-47% for female
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| Leukocytes | White blood cells WBC's
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| What is the average number of white blood cells? | 5,000 to 10,000 mm cubed
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| Where are granulocytes developed? | Red bone marrow
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| What is the function of the neutrophils? | phagocytosis 60-70%
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| What is the function of the basophils? | nonspecific immune response to inflammation 1-4%
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| What is the function of eosinophils? | alergic reactions and some parasetic worms 0.5 - 1%
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| What is the function of monocytes? | remove dead bacteria and cells, second type of blood cell to arrive at the injury 2-6%
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| B cells | memory cells identify and bind with specific antigens
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| T cells | Killer cells
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| Thrombocytes | smallest cell, no nuclei, last 5-9 days, produced in red bone marrow, assist in forming clots
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| Hemostasis | process that arrest the flow of blood
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| Blood types | A, B, AB, O
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| Universal donor | O
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| Universal recipiante | AB
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| Agglutination | donor cells clump, occluding arteries
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| Hemolyzation | cause RBC's to rupture
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| What are the three steps to clotting? | Release of clotting factors, Formation of thrombin,Formation of fibrin trapping of RBCs to form clot
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| Plasma | Clear, straw-colored liquid, A complex mixture of water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular waste
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| What are the functions of plasma? | Transports nutrients, gases, and vitamins, Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, Maintains favorable pH
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| Whole blood | for hemorrage, hypovolemic shock
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| fresh whole blood | for combat operations
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| Packed RBC's | transfused when whole blood could result in circulatory overload, symptomatic anemia, hemoglobin <6 g/dL
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| Deglycerolized or washed RBC's | for history of hypersnsitivity despite prophylaxis
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| Fresh frozen plasma FFP | used in control of bleeding, replaces plasma without RBC's or platelets, warfarin overdose, given to patients with PT/PTT> 1.5 times normal
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| Plasma exchange | used to treat autoimmune disease
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| Plasma expanders | temporary volume epxansion
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| Granulocytes | severe bone marrow depression
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| Platlets | prevent or treat bleeding problems in surgical patients
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| Cryoprecipitate | Hemophilia A, fibrinogen deficiency, Von Willebrands disease
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| Factor VIII | treatment of hemophilia A
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| Factoor IX complex | treatment of Hemophilia B (christmas disease)
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| Autologous transfusion | patients own blood obtained and infused during surgery or after tramatic injury
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| minmum gauge a nurse must use to transfuse blood | 20 gauge
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| What is the only solution blood can be infused with? | 0.9% NS
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| Acute hemolytic | transfused blood incompatible with patients blood
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| Febrile Non-hemolytic | sensativit of recipient to WBC's and platlets in donors blood
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| Allergic reaction | recipients allergy to donor antigen
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| Circulatory overload | transfusion of excessive volume or excessive rate
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| Percentage of water in a body | new born 70 - 80%, Adult 50 - 60%, older adult 45 - 50%
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| normal intake | 2500mL/day
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| normal range of sodium | 134 - 142 mEq/L
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| normal range of potassium | 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
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| normal range of chloride | 96-105 mEq/L
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| normal range of calcium | 4.5 mEq/L
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| normal range for phosphorus | 4 mEq/L
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| normal range for magnesium | 1.5 - 2.4 mEq/L
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| normal range for Bicarbonate | 22-24 mEq/L
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| Normal ABG's | pH 7.35 - 7.45, PaCO2 35 - 45 mmHg, PO2 80 - 100mmHg, O2 95 -100%, HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
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| What are the three categories of CVAD's | Percutaneous CVC's, Tunneled CVC's, Implanted infusion ports
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| Percutaneous Central Catheters | inserted through the chest wall into subclavian vein, inserted through the neck into the internal jugular vein
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| Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters | less risk that CVC's, 40 -65 cm in length, usually inserted in cephalic veins in upper arm, extends to the distal third of the superior vena cava, can remaine in place for 7 days to 3 months, single or double lumen
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| Tunneled CVC's | implanted surgically through a subcutaneous tissue, creates space between catheter and vein
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| Implanted CVAD's are t | surgically placed nder local anestesia, subsutaneous tisse on upper chest wall, threaded into superior vena cava
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| how often do you flush ports? | every 8 hours or IAW policy
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| What are the three categories for medication admissistration routes? | Enteral, Percuteneous, Paranteral
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| Entral routes | mouth, tubal, rectum, vigina, urethra,
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| Percutaneous routes | topical, eyes, ears, nose, vagina, mouth
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| Paranteral routes | IM, SQ, ID, IV
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| How many mL can a tuberculin syringe hold? | 1 mL
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| Length of needel for ID | 3/8 - 5/8 inch
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| length of needle for SQ | 1/2 - 5/8 inch
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| length of needle for insulin | 5/16 - 1/2 inch
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| length of needle for IM | 1 - 1 1/2 inch
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| Site for IM | Vastus Lateralis(Anterioeral thigh), Ventrogluteal (greater trochanter, Anterior iliac spine, Iliac crest), Deltoid (acromion process of the scapula and the axillary fold)
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| Which do you prepare first? clear or cloudy | clear
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| Z track method | used for injectiong medications irritating to tissues, seals medication deep within muscle tissue, keeps tissue irritation to a minimum, prevents staining or tracking of medication into tissue
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| TPN | given when oral or enteral support is impossible, used for long tearm therapy
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| PPN | supplies basic nutritional building blocks, temporary means of delvering nutrients
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| how often do you check a peripheral/central line sit? | every 4 hours
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| Who can declair a patient dead? | physician
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| What agency requires a death certificate be prepared for each person that dies? | Local Health Department
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| When do you leave all the tubes inside the recently passed patient? | when there is to be an autopsy
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