ECE1-05b Theories of Learning and Development
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| Theory | an idea about how/why something works that is proposed, researched and is generally accepted
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| Theorist | the person who comes up with idea of why something is as it is
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| Cognitive Development Theory | Piaget developed the idea that children develop as they perceive, think understand, and learn about the world. JP
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| Behavioral Theory | acting the way you do is a result of the past outcomes of your behavior BFS
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| Psychosocial Theory | the theory that development occurs throughout the life span, through stages known as different crises. EE
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| Psychoanalytic Theory | the theory that development emphasizes the role of unconscious impulses and overcoming conflicts SF
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| Heredity | traits that are received from parents at conception
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| Environment | everything-objects, conditions, atmosphere- that make up our surroundings
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| DAP (developmentally appropriate practice) | activities that are geared for certain levels of ability and development to accommodate all
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| Child centered approach | A focus in teaching that works to make the child or student the most important consideration
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| Benjamin Bloom | 50% of adult intelligence is achieved by age four. least to most difficult cognitive levels and gives examples of tasks at each level
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| Sigmund Freud | personality develops through predictable patterns of psycho sexual stages. as children move through each of these stages, pleasure moves to different areas of body.
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| Howard Gardner | Developed the theory of Multiple Intelligence and believed that EVERYONE is intelligent in 1 or more of 8 areas.
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| Abraham Maslow | Developed the theory of hierarchy of needs, and that until basic physiological needs are met, a child will not learn or grow and develop
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| Maria Montessori | children learn best by being active, doing and using their senses. She stressed independence.
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| B F Skinner | learning is influenced through positive and negative reinforcement. reward or punish existing behavior
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| Eric Erikson | believed that children's personality develops 8 stages, that included overcoming a particular crisis at each stage, ie. trust vs. mistrust.
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| Jean Piaget | began a theory that children develop as they adapt to the physical environment.
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