Latin Final
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| 2 characteristics of a miles. How long was his tour of duty? | A roman citizen and a full-time professional; 25 years
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| About how many men were in a legion? Give 3 capabilities of a legion. | 5,000 men; they made forts, manufactured weapons, made roads
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| what two details about a possible recruit did the inquisitio have to confirm? | They had to be a Roman citizen; had to pass a medical exam
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| According to Vegetius, what were four of the desirable characteristics of a recruit? | Alert eyes, head upright, large calves, long fingers, brilliant mind
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| What are 5 types of physical training of the new recruit. | marching, jumping, running, swimming, carrying heavy packs
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| Describe the weapons training of the new recruit. | they started with a wooden sword and a wicker shield, and progressed to fighting a human
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| What did Vegetius advise as the best way to use a sword? | thrust the sword
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| Define and give one detail about the gladius, pugio, scutum | stabbing sword (worn on the right), shield (3 ft. long), dagger (worn on left)
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| What is a pilum? How long was it? How was it constructed? | A javelin; 1.5 meters; pointed iron head
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| List 6 items the legionary soldier had to carry on route marches | dishes, water bottles, woven cloak, food for days, overnight materials, body armor/ weapons
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| What did the legionary soldiers have to do at the end of a day's march? | give instructions
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| What did the fully trained legionary soldier spend much of his time doing? | building roads
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| List 8 peacetime duties recorded in inscriptional evidence | building roads, building, working on pottery, working on baking, working on brewery, and building swords
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| What was the rate if pay during the reign of Domitian? List four of the deductions from that pay. | 300 denarii; food, clothing, equipment, savings
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| How would a soldier's life change if he was promoted? | More money, less duties
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| What two things might a soldier receive on being discharged? | 3,000 denarii, allocation of land
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| What fighting skills did the various auxiliary troops have? What type of auxiliary troop was the most important? List three ways in which this auxiliary troop was used | archers and slingers; cavalry; they would attack, defeat enemies, and protected the center
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| What was the reward for an auxiliary soldier on being discharged? | Roman citizenship
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| How many miles did a young soldier have to march at a regulated pace for? | 24 Roman miles
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| How many soldiers were in a Roman legion? | 5,000 soldiers
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| What was a Roman soldier paid? | 300 denarii
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| How long was a soldier's tour of duty? | 25 years
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| What is a cinglum, pilum, pugio, caligae? | A military belt; a javelin; a dagger; military sandals
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| What is an inquisitio? | an investigating board
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| What wasn't a part of the auxiliary legions? A)slingers B)funditores C)legionary soldiers D)cavalry E)sagitarii | c
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| Who called Agricola back to Rome? | Domitian
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| Who was his dead father? | Lucius Julius Graecinus
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| Which province was Agricola born in? | Forum Iulii (southeast Gaul)
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| Where did Agricola become governor? | Britannia
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| What subject was Agricola's least favorite? | math
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| When did Agricola first go to Britannia? In what ranking? | A.D. 60; tribunus
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| What was so important about Agricola's tour of duty in Britain? | He gained much knowledge of Britain
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| What did Agricola do well at Viroconium? What two honors did it earn him? | be undiscipined and troublesome; promotion to the governship of Aquitania, and consul of Rome
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| What was Agricola's political status when he returned to Rome for the third time? | governor
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| What is an optio? | A deputy who would take control of the century if the centurion was absent or lost in battle
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| What is a praefectus castrorum? | commander of the camp
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| What is a tesseraius? | Someone who organized the guards and distributed passwords
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| What is a signifer? | standard-bearer
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| What is a cornicen? | horn player
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| What is a vitis? | A cane centurions used to discipline his soldiers
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| What is primi ordines? | first rank
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| What is a legatus? | officer commanding a legion
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| How many tribunes were in a legion? | 6
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| Of the 6 tribunes, how many were tribunus laticlavius? | 1
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| How abouut tribuni angusticlavii? | 5
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| What's a tribunus laticlavius? | senior tribune with a broad stripe; a man of noble birth
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| What's a tribuni angusticlavii? | the tribunes with narrow stripes; usually of a lower class
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| What is equites? | lower social class
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| Who was the primus pilus? | The most senior centurion of a legion
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| What was the pay of a centurion per year? | 1500 denarii
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| How many men were there in each century of the 1st legion? | 160 men
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| How many centurions were in a century? | 60 men
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| How many centuries were in each cohort from 2nd to 9th? | 6 centuries
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| How many military tribunes are in a legion? | 6
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| How many men were in centuries of the 2nd to 9th cohort? | 80
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| in purpose clauses, what is "ut" best translated as? | in order to/ in order that
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| In result clauses, what is "ut" best translated as? | that
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| A Roman legion was divided into ____ and further divided into ____. | cohorts; centuries
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| Who were the centurio? | the backbone of the legion
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| What is the lorica segmentata? | segmented armor of metal strips worn by the legionary soldier
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| Vici eventually led to ____. | development of Roman towns in Britain
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| What is the principia? | the headquarters
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| What is the praetorium? | The living quarters
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| What is the valetudinarium? | The hospital
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| What is the horrea? | The granaries
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| What is the via praetoria? | the main gate at the front entrance of the principia
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| What is the via principalis? | the road that goes around the width of the fortress
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| What is the via quintana? | the road that passed around the principia
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| What is the vallum? | the earth/mud walls with intervals
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| What were four defensive structures around the camp? | The ditch, the vallum (ramparts), the earth wall or mound, and battlements
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| What was the basilica? | A great hall, where commanders and his officers worked, interviews for local jobs happened, and court for military justice
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| What was the most sacred place in the fortress? | an image of an eagle with wide spread wings on the top of the pole
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| What item was on the eagle and what did it represent? | Gold; represented spirit, loyalty
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| What was he absolute worse thing for a legion? | losing a battle, or losing the aquilae
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| What is the aquilae? | the eagle
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| Who was an aquilifer? | someone who carried the aquilia
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| What were the rooms on either side of the sacellum used for? | pay rolls
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| What were close by or beneath the sacellum? | legion storing rooms, which kept money
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| What was the praetorium and who lived there? | A room on the side of the principia; the legatus and his family
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| What were the legatus and his family provided in the praetorium and why were they provided that? | central heat, garden, baths; they were provided this to show local leaders the luxury of Romans
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| What are the 3 rooms in the valetudinarium? | room for peace/sick, reception hall for casualties, small operating room
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| What were horrea designed to do? | keep the grain cool and dry
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| What were four features of the horrea? | made of wood, long and narrow, small pillars, overhanging eaves
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| What was the largest area of the fortress? | barracks
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| What was a contubernium? | 8 man section
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| What were the set of rooms that accommodated the contubernium? | colonnaded veranda, each section cooked for themselves, it housed a century
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| How many men were housed in a block? | 80
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| Who lived at the end of these blocks? | larger suite for the centurion and/or optio
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| What were 2 reasons why the bath house was an important part of the fortress? | hygienic reasons and it provided as a social center
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| What structure was found outside the fortress? | amphitheater
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| What were 4 uses of the amphitheater? | parades, weapon training, display of tactics, occasional gladiator shows
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| What did civilians provide for the military fortress? | They traded with the Romans for food
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| What was the legal and actual practice regarding military-civilian marriage? | They would not be allowed to marry but the army tolerated an unofficial union
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| What were the vici? | cities made of spouses and children of soldiers outside of the camp
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| What 2 roles did the fortresses play? | It was first used as protection but soon led to developing a civilian town life
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| What are defixiones? | curse tablets that call for the punishment of an enemy
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| To increase the effect of the curse, what were added? | magical, meaningless words
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| How were defixiones written? | The offender's name is written with the details of the crime, then the tablet is rolled up and fastened to a tomb or thrown in a well
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| What did members of the Arval brotherhood do? | pray for the emperor an his family
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| What type of divination is performed by priests relating to the flight patterns of a bird? | augeres (augurs)
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| What were the layers of a Roman road? (bottom to top) | large stones, smaller stones, concrete, rubble, layer of rolled sand concrete, then the pavimentum
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| What was the Apian Way? | A traveling road from Rome to Brundisium
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| ____ was the port city in Rome. | Brundisium
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| What is the only surviving itinerary? | Tabula Peutingeriana
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| What were mutationes? | posting stations
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| What was the cursus publicus? | Imperial Post
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