Autism 2
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| Normal Adults and children look at the _____ 2/3 of the time judge emotion but autistic children....? | dont look at the eyes to judge emotion, instead they look at the mouth to judge emotion
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| Study compare 11 year old normal children with 11 year old autistic children in regards to emotion recognition using the eye and mouth. What did they find? | Normal children look at the eyes more than the mouth to judge emotion while autistic children look at the mouth more than the eyes to judge emotion
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| What was found with adolescent and young adults with autism compared to normal adolescents and young adults in regards to eye or mouth looking and their social adjustment | Autistics look more at mouths & normallook more at eyes. Autistics have better social adjust.t when looking at mouth & autistics looking at eyes isn't associated with better adjustment cos they dont gain social info as not able to interpret info from eyes
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| So why do adolescent autistics not have better social adjustment when looking at eyes? | Because they dont gain social information because are not able to interpret this information from the eyes
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| Most deaf children grow up in families where parents and siblings are not what? | proficient signers
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| What is the issue with theory of mind and deafness in children? | Deaf children are often born into families who aren't signers. So because one way kids learn about mental states is through mother talk and thus deaf baby misses out on information during critical period that teaches them ToM.
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| There may be a '________ _______ ' for acquiring a ToM which deaf children miss so development might be protracted | critical period
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| Deaf children were given a false belief task and the results were that? | Only 17% of these deaf kids at 4 years old passed false belief. So strikingly bad.
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| Deaf children false belief task ability eventually develops but is very _____! | SLOW
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| How well is deaf children's ToM and IQ? | ToM is bad, but IQ is fine
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| According to Brown, there are specific forms of interpersonal communication between young child and others that provide basis for understanding others mind what are these? (there are three) | 1. ability to SEE and comprehend emotions 2. ability to SEE and connect others verbal and non-verbal attention to objects in world and 3. ability to differentiate others' outwardly focused attitudes from one's own
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| All of Brown's three forms of communication occur at the end of .....? and are pretty much _________ referencing | the first year of life, social referencing
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| If a child misses out on Brown's three forms of communication what can this impair? And describe the picture book example of this | ToM understanding. A mother describes that baby looks sad cos he wants the lollies BUT blind baby cant see this so miss out on this information. So cant differentiate between how they feel and how baby in book feels-babies own mental states from their own
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| Blind children will also do less ____________ interactions | pointing
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| Visually impaired (blind) children do worse on false belief for self or others? How do sighted children do in comparison? And what type of false belief taks was used? | self than false belief task but overall do worse on both false belief task for self and others compared to sighted children. Used the Appearance-reality task with crayon box filled with candles and what both they and the teddy bear thinks is in box
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| Researcher looked at the prevalence of "autistic like" features in congenitally ________ children with IQ over ___ and found that? | blind, 70, blind children with IQs over 70 showed characteristics very similar to those with autism and blind children with IQ less than 70 showed SUBSTANTIAL overlap in clinical features of autism
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| What is the Williams Syndrome caused by? | One copy of 20 genes on chromosome 7
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| What type of disorder is the Williams Syndrome? | A genetic disorder
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| The Williams Syndrome results in mild to moderate mental ______________, poor spatial skills but relatively good at ____________ production and processing of faces | retardation, language
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| What does Williams Syndrome result in? | Mild to moderate mental retardation, poor spatial skills but relatively good language production and processing of faces
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| Someone who has behavioural problems, is unusually friendly, sociable and empathic. What is this describing? | Williams Syndrome
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| Who has no fear of strangers, despite their parents attempts to train them not to talk to strangers? | Children with Williams Syndrome
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| Compared to Downs children, kids with Williams syndrome hvae much longer, more complex n________ and more __________ (shows a lot of empathy and expression - high and low pitch) | narratives, expressive
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| Because Williams syndrome kids give more complex, long narratives and expressive detail including empathy, compared to Downs kids, what does this suggest about ToM? | That Williams syndrome kids have less difficulty with ToM than Downs syndrome kids who have more difficulty with ToM
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| WMS (Williams Syndrome) kids also use more vocal affective prosody (e.g. emotional ______ changes) and evaluative devices (e.g. exclamations that renew __________ attention). So they do better at this compared to ________ kids | pitch, audience, downs
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| So Downs dont have the same social elaboration as _____________ kids because downs downs have less ______ details. | williams syndrome, rich
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| Study the graphs that go with the findings about Williams and Downs social elaboration | ....
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| How do WMS kids react to parent separation task? | They experience less negative affect than normal controls - in other words they are not phased much, less negative expression (both vocal and facial) for kids with WMS
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| With looking at adults to disambiguate actions what is the difference between williams syndrome and autism kids? What do Williams kids seem like when they do this? | Williams syndrome kids looking at adults to disambiguate actions whereas autism kids don't. They seem like dogs as they are hypersocial as they just look at adult only, not at object
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| How do Williams syndrome kids rate faces? | They rate unknown faces (both negative and positive) as more approachable
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| How are Williams syndrome kids rated? And what other type of kids are they compared to regarding this? | Williams syndrom kids are rated as more sociable than Downs and Autistic kids.
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| Who seems to act like a dog? And why? | Williams syndrome kids because they are hypersocial and look at adults to disambiguate actions, dont look at objects
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| To rate Williams, Downs and Autistic kids on how sociable they are how did they do the study? And what were the results? | Parents gave evaluation of how sociable kids are with strangers. Williams kids are more sociable with strangers than Autism and Downs and Autism and Downs are about the same amount of sociability.
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