CA overview 1
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What are the different genes when talkin about CA? | protoocengenes-normal cell growth but proliferate beyond normal cell replication, antioncogenes-tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes-mutated genes that turn a normal cell into a CA cell
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| Which ethnic group is more likely to die from CA? | African Americans
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| Which racial group has the lowest rate of CA? | Mexican Americans but they have the highest rate of infectious causing CA (uterine, liver, stomach)
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| Who has the highest rate of Kidney CA? | Native and Alaskan Americans
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| What is the biggest concern for CA patients? | pain management
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| What are the different type of CA prevention? | Primary-education, avoiding carcinogens Secondary- self exams, screenings Tertiary- responding to complications, disability or rehab
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| What are the cardinal warning signs of CA? | "CAUTION" Change in bowel habits, A sore that won't heal, Unusual bleeding or discharge, Thickening in a lump or mass, Indigestion of difficulty swallowing, Obvious change in mole or wart, Nagging cough or hoarsness
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| What is the name for the process which normal cells undergo malignant transformation? | carcinogenisis
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| What is the initiation stage? | irreversible change in the genetic make-up, but doe not always lead to CA
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| What are the CA related genes associated w breast CA? | BRCA1 and BRCA2
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| What viruses are associated w later causing CA? | HEP B&C, HIV, Epstien Barr, H.Pylori (infectious agent), HPV
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| What is the promotion stage? | The reversible stage but if prevention isn't taken, there is an increase chance to become malignant
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| What is the progression stage? | When malignancy occurs and invasiveness is enhanced. Tumor angiogenesis occurs during progression phase
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| What is tumor angiogenesis? | When the tumor develops its own blood supply
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| What is the general rule for differentiation? | The more differentiated, the less malignant, the less differentiated, the more malignant
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| How does staging of CA work? | TNM T0-no tumor, T1-4 size, Tx-can not be assessed (treatment effective)Tis- in situ,
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| What is the definitive test for diagnosis of CA? | biopsy
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