endocrine disorders
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| What two glands work together to regulate the endocrine system? | hypothalamus and pituitary
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| What does the hypothalamus do? | Produces hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretion from the anterior pituitary
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| What hormones does the hypothalamus release? | Corticotropin, Thyrotropin, Growth hormone, Gonadotropic, Prolactin, Somatostatin and prolactin
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| What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? | growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adenocortcotropic hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Luteinizing hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone
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| What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? | Anti-diuretic and oxytocin
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| What is the function of the adrenal gland? | secrete steroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Androgens), secretes epi, responds to stress and prolongs effects of SNS
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| What is the main difference between Cushing's disease and Addison's disease? | Cushing's- excess corticosteriods (glucocorticoids) Addison's- inefficiency of all 3 corticosteriods
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| What is the medical management for Addisonian Crisis? | hydrocortisone, IV fluid replacment
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| What are TX options? | Transphenoidal hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, radiation, Nizoral and Cytraden (inhibit corticoid synthesis)
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| What are the possible complications from a transphenodial hypophysectomy? | meningitis, diabetes insipidus, CFS leakage
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| What conditions are associated with hyperpituitarism? | Giantism-over growth of long bones, takes place before the epiphyses close. Acromegaly- over growth of long bones and soft tissue, happens after epiphyses close
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| What are the TX options for acromegaly? | radiation, Somatostatin analogs – reduces GH levels
Somavert - GH receptor antagonist alternative to above drug, transphenoidal hypophysectomy
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| What is Diabetes Insipidus? | Deficiency of ADH, resulting in water loss
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| What are the different types of DI? | Central DI-lesion in the brain, Nephronic DI-decrease response by the Kidney, Psychogenic DI-structural lesion in thirst center or pschological disorder
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| What are the clinical manifestations for DI? | Polyuria, polydypsia, dilute urine (sp gravity- 1.001-1.005, 5-20 L output per day), increased serum osmolality
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| What meds are used for CDI? | Desmopressin Acetate and Vasopressin
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| What meds are used for NDI? | Thiazides and low salt diet
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| How do Thiazides work? | They slow kidney infiltration rate to allow the kidney to reabsorb more water
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| What is the disorder associated w excessive amounts of ADH, resulting in water imbalance? | SIAH, Syndrome of Inappropriate Anit-diuretic Hormone
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| What are the results of SIAH? | water intoxication, circulatory overload, cerebral edema, electrolyte dilution
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| What typically causes SIAH? | small cell lung CA
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