drugs for cancer
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| analgesic ladder (3 steps) | step 1: mild to moderate pain use non-opiod analgesic and NSAIDs and acetaminophen.
step 2: more severe pain-add opiod analgesic, oxycodone, hydrocodone.
step 3: substitute powerful opiod--morphine, fentanyl
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| non-opiod analgesic are | NSAIDs( aspirin, ibuprofen ) and acetaminophen (tylenol)
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| drug selection for cancer patients | use preferred choice of pure opiod agonists, opiod rotation, dosage should be individualized. use the following with caution methadone (dolophine), levorphanol (levo-dromoran), codeine. AVOID meperidine ( DEMEROL )
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| side effects of pure opiod | respiratory depression, constipation, sedation, nausea and vomitting.
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| what are adjuvent analgesics? | used to compliment the effects of opiods-not as a substitute. can be tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline aka elavil). antiseizure meds, local anesthetics/antidysrhymics. CNS stimulants, antihistamines ( hydroxyzine aka istaril ). glucocorticoids
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| invasive procedures | neurolytic nerve block, neurosurgery,trumor surgery, radiation therapy
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| physical interventions include: | heat, cold, massage, exercise, acupuncture
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| psychosocial interventions include: | relaxation and imagery, cognitive distraction, peer support groups
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| older adults related to pain | have heightened drug sensitivity, undertreatment of pain, increased risks of side effects and adverse interactions
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| misconceptions for older adult | beliee that elderly patients are insensitive to pain, belief that elder can tolerate pain well, belief that elderly pateints are highly sensitive to opiod side effects
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