BOCES LPN
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| 3 tests that are used to determine anemia | Hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC
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| Anemia defined by lack of intrinsic factor | Pernicious
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| Intrinsic factor is needed to produce what vitamin? | B12
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| B12 helps to synthesize______. | DNA (needed to produce hemoglobin)
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| What volume of blood loss is critical? | >1000ml
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| What blood product would be used for blood loss in elderly? | PRBC's
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| What mineral is imperative to the making of hemoglobin? | Iron
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| Who is at risk for iron deficiency? | Menstruating women, pregnant women, children and elderly
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| What might cause Iron deficiency in other populations? | Poor intake, poor absorption (Crohn's, Celiac)
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| What foods are good sources of iron? | Red meat, egg yolks, dark leafy veggies, liver, clams, mussels, oysters, turkey
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| Side effects of iron supplements | Constipation, black/green stool, stomach irritation.
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| How should iron be taken? | With OJ, between meals
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| What clotting factor is associated with Hemophilia type A? | Factor VIII
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| S/S of type A hemophilia | Nose bleeds, petechiae, ecchymosis, bloody urine, bleeding gums, prolonged periods and wound bleeding
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| What is aplastic anemia? | Disease of bone marrow, low levels of all blood cells
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| What is the condition called associated with suppression of all blood cells? | Pancytopenia
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| What might be risks associated with aplastic anemia? | Hypoxia, infection, bleeding
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| How is aplastic anemia Dx? | Bone marrow biopsy
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| What might cause aplastic anemia? | Chemicals, drugs, radiation,infection, heredity, autoimmune
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| What population is most susceptible to development of sickle cell anemia? | African decent, recessive gene
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| Sickle cell crisis most often caused by what? | Increased demand for O2 (vigorous activity)
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| What is one of the main symptoms of sickle cell crisis? | Abdominal pain
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| What causes the pain associated with sickle cell? | Sickled cells obstruct blood flow to organs, damages capillaries
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| What symptoms that are not associated witgh other types of anemia are associated with pernicious anemia? | Neurological symptoms
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| What test is used to Dx pernicious anemia? | Schilling test
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| What is a manual diff? | Manual count of all the different WBC's. Neutrophils most common!
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| What is main risk associated with agranulocytosis? | Infection
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| When is agranulocytosis critical? | 10% or less of neutrophils
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| What happens to neutrophil count normally when body has infection? | Increases
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| What is DIC? | Disseminated intravascular coagulation - depletion of platelets due to small clots forming throughout body
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| What is multiple myeloma? | Cancer of plasma cells
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| S/S of multiple myeloma | Increase Ca+, renal failure, fatigue, chronic Fx's
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| How would hypercalcemia be treated? | Lots of IVF
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| What is leukemia? | Cancer of blood cells.
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| What are the typical lab values associated with acute leukemia | Very high WBC, low platelets and RBC's
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| What is polycythemia? | Too many RBC's. Disorder of Bone Marrow. High H&H and viscocity.
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| What is treatment for polycythemia? | Therapeutic phlebotomy
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| What abnormal cells are associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Reed-Sternberg cells
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| What is Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Cancer of lymphatic system. Abnormal cells aren't useful and accumulate forming tumors.
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| How is Hodgkin's Dx? | Bone marrow aspiration or biopsy
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| What are S/S of Hodgkin's? | Swollen nodes, sensitivity to alcohol, severe itching, weight loss, fever, night sweats, SOB
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| What are treatments for Hodgkin's? | Radiation, chemo, stem cell transplant
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| How curable is Hodgkin's | 80-90%
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