Anatomy and Physiology 2 Comprehensive Final Exam
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| Jaundice can be the result of _____, and causes _____. | Blocked bile duct, biliruben
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| Erythropoiesis increases when | blood 02 levels drop
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| A hematocrit provides information on | % of formed elements in whole blood
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| The heme group in hemoglobin contains an atom of _____ where oxygen binds. | iron
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| Damage to what organ would cause the blood level of bilirubin to rise above normal? | liver
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| How would a patient diagnosed with leukemia blood work present? | Leukoytosis
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| Cardiac muscle is known as the | Myocardium
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| Which heart cavities has the thickest walls? | left ventricle
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| Platelets are described as | cell fragments assisting in clotting process
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| Erythrocytes are produced in | red bone marrow
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| An inability of body cells to receive adequate amounts of oxygen may indicate a malfunction of | heart/lungs
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| _____ is the Plasma protein that i sprimarily responsible for maintaing blood osmotic pressure | Albumin
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| Plasma proteins that necessary for blood clotting are the | fibrogen
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| Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone | erythropoiten
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| The function of hemoglobin is to | transport 02 and C02
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| AQRS complex on an ECG represents | depolarization of ventricles
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| What occurs during the Atrial Systole phase of the cardiac cycle? | Rising pressure in the ventricles causes AV valves to close
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| Systole mean | contract
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| When the pressure is high enough in the ventricles to overcome the arterial pressure of the arteries, which waves open? | Semi-lunar
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| List the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs | Vena Cava, right atrium, tricuspid, right ventricle, pulmonary semi lunar valve, pulmonary trunk right and left arteries, lungs
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| What is occurring in the heart that an ECG is often considered to be the best diagnostic tool | Arrythimia
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| When is there a delay in the impulse conduction of the heart? | When impulse reaches AV node
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| What is the primary function of the Pulmonary Circuit? | Transfer blood to and from lungs
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| Type O blood contains what type of antigens | none
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| An ECG is a record of | electrical impulse of heart beat
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| The peacemaker cells of the heart are located in the | SA node
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| Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the | P wave
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| The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the | Stroke Volume
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| Which of the following terms describes a fast heart rate? | tachycardia
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| The T wave of an ECG is caused by | repolarization of ventricles
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| What WBC's is BEST at fighting bacterial infections? | Neutrophils
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| Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the | right atrium
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| Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the | Left atrium
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| The cusps of atrioventricular valves are attached to papillary muscles by the | cordae tendinee
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| The entrance to the ascending aorta is guarded by the _____ valve. | aortic semi lunar
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| The left and right pulmonary arteries carry blood to the | lungs
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| What would increase blood pressure the MOST? In regards to diameter or length of vessel, PNS, CO? | Diameter has greatest effect
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| The only blood vessel whose walls permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the | capillaries
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| Venous valves are responsible for | preventing backflow
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| Apositive net filtration rate/pressure in which the capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the blood colloid osmotic pressure forces water _____ a capillary. | out of
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| A negative net filtration rate results in a greater blood colloid osmotic pressure than capillary hydrostatic pressure which _____ a capillary. | forces H2 into
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| If the stimulus is high blood pressure, what would be the response of the autonomic Nervous system? Parasymathetic or Sympathetic? | Sympathetic activity inhibited
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| A patient presents with low blood pressure and low blood volume. Which endocrine mechanisms would help increase blood volume and therefore increase blood pressure? Release of | Angiotensin 2, EPO
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| What inhibits the release of aldosterone? | Natriunetic peptides
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| Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed | lymph nodes
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| Where do large clusters lymph nodes occur? | Armpits, Neck, Groin
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| Symptoms of lymph drainage blockage in a limb present as | swelling in limb
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| What type vessel tends to be a secondary site for cancer induction? | Lymph nodes
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| The blood vessel responsible for delivering nutrient rich blood from the degestive viscera into the liver for detoxification is | Heptic Portal Vein
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| The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during | Ventricle Systole 2nd phase
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| Pulmonary Arteries carry blood to the | lungs
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| Pulmonary veins carry blood to the | heart
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| Braces off the aortic arch include the | brachiocephalic trunk, left common cortid, left subclavion
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| In the lower leg, the femoral artery becomes the _____ artery. | Tibial
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| The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the | Superior Vena Cava
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| The great saphenous vein joins _____ before becoming the external iliac vein? | Femoral
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| Age related changes of the heart include | C0 Changes in nodal and collecting ducts
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| The veins carring blood back to the heart from the tissues below the diaphragm converge into what blood vessel that delivers blood to the heart? | Inferior Vena Cava
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| Which valve in the heart separates the right atrium and right ventricle | Tricuspid
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| What occurs when the aortic baroreceptors detect high blood pressure | cardio inhibitory centers stimulated cardio acceleratory centers inhibited vasomotor center inhibited
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| Antibiotics are used to treat | bacterial infections
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| What is the "host cell" for the HIV test? | Helper T
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| Vaccinations/Immunizations are designed to provide protection against which? | Viruses
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| What does the trachea consts of | Long tube of mucous membrane surrounded by C shaped cartilage
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| When the size of the thoracic cavity increases... what happens to the pressure and where does air move? | Decreases. Air moves into the lungs
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| When the size of the thoracic cavity decreases... what happens to the pressure and where does air move? | Pressure increases. Air moves out of lungs
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| How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported... | bond to heme unit
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| How is most of the carbon dioxide in the blood transported... | as carbonic acid
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| What conditions alter the shape of Hemeglobin, encouraging the "unloading"' of oxygen at the body tissues? | Lower than normal PH
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| Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries because | diffusion down concentration gradenct
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| Exhalation occurs when the relate to omuscles and chest cavity size/pressures | muscle relax and chest cavity size decreases, increasing pressure higher than outside air
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| What term describes a collapsed lung | atelectasis
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| What term describes an increase in C02 in arterial blood? | hypercapnia
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| The function of surfactant is | keep alveoli open by decreasing surface tension
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| What are the tiny finger like projections called that are located on the inner layer of the small intestine? | Villi
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| The food bolus moves from the stomach to the small intestine by passing through which of the following sphincters? | pyloric
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| What is primarily removed from the undigested food when it is in the large intestine? | H20
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| Which region of the small intestine neutralizes stomach acids? | duodenum
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| What term describes the transverse folds in the intestine and function to increase surface area for absorption? | plica circulares
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| Bile is produced in the _____ and stored in the _____. | Live, gall bladder
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| the MOST chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur in which partof the digestive system | small intestine
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| The muscular contractions that occur all along the digestive tract and which move food along are called: | peristalsis
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| The emulsification of fats occurs as a result of: | bile
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| Which emulsification of fats occurs as a result of: | bile
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| Which hormone tagets the gall bladder causing it to contract and relase bile? | Cholecystokinin
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| What are the functions of the liver? | regulation of blood, removes waste, stores vitamins and minerals, assists in metabolism of lipids by producing bile
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| Which organ secretes bicarbonic ions? | Pancreas
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| The prime fuction of alveoli is | gas exchange
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