Vocabulary for Chapter 5 / Learning
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | The ability to connect stimuli (the changes that occur in our environment) with responses (behaviors or other actions).
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| Classical Conditioning (Pg. 133) | show 🗑
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| Unconditional stimulus (Pg. 133) (US) | show 🗑
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| show | The naturally occurring response (such as salivation) that follows the unconditioned stimulus.
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| show | A neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, begins to evoke a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus.
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| Conditioned response (Pg. 133) (CR) | show 🗑
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| show | The reduction in responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus.
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| Spontaneous recovery (Pg. 134) | show 🗑
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| show | The tendency to respond to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus.
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| Discrimination (Pg. 135) | show 🗑
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| show | Conditioning that occurs when an existing conditioned stimulus serves as an unconditioned stimulus for a new conditioned stimulus.
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| show | A strong and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.
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| show | Learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior.
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| Law of effect (Pg. 137) | show 🗑
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| Skinner box (operant chamber) (Pg. 138) | show 🗑
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| Reinforcer (Pg. 138) | show 🗑
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| show | Any event that weakens or decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
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| show | The strengthening of a response by presenting a typically pleasurable stimulus after the response.
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| show | The strengthening of a response by removing a typically unpleasant stimulus after the response.
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| Positive punishment (Pg. 139) | show 🗑
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| Negative punishment (Pg. 139) | show 🗑
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| show | A reinforcement schedule in which the desired response is sometimes reinforced, and sometimes not.
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| Fixed-interval schedule (Pg. 140) | show 🗑
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| show | An interval reinforcement schedule in which the timing of the reinforce is varied around the average interval, making the actual appearance of the reinforce unpredictable.
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| Fixed-ratio schedule (Pg. 141) | show 🗑
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| show | A ratio reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is provided after an average number of responses.
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| Shaping (Pg. 141) | show 🗑
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| Primary reinforcer (Pg. 141) | show 🗑
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| Secondary reinforcer (Pg. 141) | show 🗑
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| show | The sudden understanding of the solution to a problem.
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| Latent learning (Pg. 143) | show 🗑
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| Observational learning (modeling) (Pg. 143) | show 🗑
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| show | A situation in which the behavior that creates the most rewards for the individual may in the long term lead to negative consequences for the group as a whole.
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| show | A social dilemma in which the goals of the individual compete with the goals of another individual (or sometimes with a group of other individuals).
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