Respiratory Pathophysiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Primary Function of Respiratory System | show 🗑
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| Common Problems-airway | show 🗑
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| Common Problems-ventilation | show 🗑
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| show | Inability to diffuse gas across alveolar capillary
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| Defense Mechanisms-Upper respiratory tract | show 🗑
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| show | Mucous blanket – protects trachea, bronchi, traps
foreign particles.
Cilia – propel mucus and entrapped particles upward to oro/nasopharynx.
Irritant receptors – nose = sneeze; trachea/bronchi = cough [upper/lower].
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| Gas-Exchange airways | show 🗑
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| show | Desaturated blood
from right ventricle
(RV) to lungs
– Capillary beds feed
alveoli, exchange gas
– Return saturated blood
to left atrium (LA)
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| Pulmonary & Bronchial Circulation | show 🗑
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| show | Saturated hemoglobin travels to L heart,
then into circulation.
At peripheral capillary level, O2 and CO2
exchanged.
Returned to R heart
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| Hemodynamics | show 🗑
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| show | Tital volume (VT)=volume inhaled/exhaled during normal breathing.
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)=volume expired from relaxed lung from forceful exhalation.
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)=volume of forceful inhalation.
Residual volume (RV)=remaining
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| Muscles & Chest Excursion | show 🗑
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| Lung Compliance | show 🗑
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| Airway resistance | show 🗑
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| show | Automatic and voluntary control
– Brain stem – basic automatic rhythm
– Medulla – control diaphragm and
inspiratory intercostal muscle
– CNS chemoreceptors and peripheral
chemoreceptors in carotids and aortic
bodies respond to D pH, PaCO2, PaO2
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| Gas Transport - O2 | show 🗑
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| show | Diffusion of CO2 from cells to capillaries as
carbonic acid
– Transport via venous system to RA/RV then
to pulmonary artery
– Diffusion of CO2 across alveolocapillary
membrane
– Removal of CO2 through exhalation
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| show | Large surface area, very
thin membrane.Partial pressure of oxygen
is higher in alveolar gas
PAO2 than in capillary
blood PaO2. Create high diffusion
gradient.Blood remains in capillary
0.75 sec but only 0.25 sec
needed to equilibrate across cap mem
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| Arterial Oxygenation | show 🗑
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| Gas Pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Composition of air: O2
= 20.9%, N = 78.1%,
trace gasses = remainder
Water vapor pressure = 47 mm Hg
Partial pressure of O2 at sea level =
0.209 x (760 – 47) = 159
mm Hg
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| Blood Gasses | show 🗑
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| Oxygen Delivery | show 🗑
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| show | In lungs – hemoglobin has affinity for oxygen
(oxyhemoglobin association) = saturation
At tissues – hemoglobin is release(oxyhemoglobin dissociation) = desaturation
Conditions that cause greater release of oxygen -L-pH,H-temp,H-CO2
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| Diagnostic Tests | show 🗑
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| Conditions that increase affinity | show 🗑
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Created by:
cmindel
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