UTA 3632 Foundations HESI Prep
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| show | pressure is put on the suprapubic area with each attempted void. The maneuver promotes bladder emptying by relaxing the urethral sphincter.
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| show | relevant to patient needs, specific, singular, observable, measurable, and time limited.
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| show | Age (>60); Hx of Fall; Elimination urgency, frequency, or incontinence; Medications; Equipment; Decreased mobility; Cognition concerns
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| show | PCA/Opiates, Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensives, Diuretics, Hypnotics, Laxatives, Sedatives, and Psychotropics
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| show | Any Equipment That Tethers Patient (e.g., IV Infusion, Chest Tube, Indwelling Catheters, SCDs)
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| show | height-adjustable beds, ceiling-mounted lifts, friction-reducing slide sheets, and air-assisted devices
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| Physiological risk factors | show 🗑
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| show | Open wounds, rectal surgery, episiotomy, painful hemorrhoids, muscle tension, vaginal inflammation, wound debridement
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| Conditions treated with cold therapies | show 🗑
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| Physiological response to heat therapies | show 🗑
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| Physiological response to cold therapies | show 🗑
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| show | concept that, as individuals age, they are able to compensate for some decreases in physical or cognitive performance by developing new approaches.
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| show | senses an abnormal state such as lowered body temperature and makes an adaptive response such as initiating shivering to generate body heat.
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| Hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | 4.6-8.0
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| show | Protein in Urine. Caused by renal disease
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| show | Glucose in Urine. Caused by diabetes mellitus or ingestion of high concentratiosn of glucose
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| Ketonuria | show 🗑
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| Normal Specific gravity of urine | show 🗑
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| show | Dehydration, reduced renal blood flow, and increased ADH secretion.
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| show | Overhydration, early renal disease, and inadequate ADH secretion.
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| Hematuria | show 🗑
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| show | urinary tract infection
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| show | Bacteria in urine. Indicative of urinary tract infection.
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| Casts in urine | show 🗑
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| Crystals in urine | show 🗑
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| show | 1200 to 1500 mL
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| show | less than 30 mL for more than 2 consecutive hours
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| Respiratory acidosis s/s | show 🗑
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| Respiratory acidosis causes | show 🗑
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| show | ph > 7.45, PaCO2 < 35mmHg, HCO3 normal (uncompensated) or < 22mEq/L (compensated), hyperventilation, light-headedness, paresthesias, excitement and confusion possibly followed by decreased LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias.
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| Respiratory alkalosis causes | show 🗑
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| Metabolic acidosis s/s | show 🗑
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| show | Increase of metabolic acid (e.g., ketoacidis, hypermetabolic state, oliguric renal disease, cirulatory shock, ingestion of acid) or Decrease of base (e.g., diarrhea, pancreatic fistula or intestinal decompression, renal tubular acidosis)
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| show | ph > 7.45, HCO3 > 26 meq/L, PaCO2 normal (uncompensated) or > 45 mm Hg (compensated), Light-headedness, paresthesias; possible excitement and confusion followed by decreased LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias (may be caused by hypokalemia)
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| Metabolic alkalosis causes | show 🗑
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| Primary prevention | show 🗑
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| Secondary prevention | show 🗑
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| Tertiary prevention | show 🗑
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| show | 30-min rest before eating, upright to eat, chin-down position, place food in strong side (if unilateral), thicken fluids, feed slowly, small bites. If cough/choke, remove food & provide oral suction if necessary.
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| Nutrition needs of immobile patient | show 🗑
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| show | Stress resistance stage; chronic arousal with presence of powerful hormones causing excessive wear and tear on the person.
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| show | concern aspiration risk if 250 mL or more remains in the patient's stomach on each of two consecutive assessments.
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| Blood pressure cuff too small causes | show 🗑
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| Blood pressure cuff too large causes | show 🗑
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| Assessment for Orthostatic vital sign changes | show 🗑
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| show | Orthostatic hypotension & tachycardia (decreased BP and increased pulse upon standing)
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| show | 1 kg body weight lost/gained is equivalent to appx 1 L of fluid
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| Elderly problem that contributes to fluid volume deficit | show 🗑
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| Lab test to monitor increase in free, unbound drug molecules | show 🗑
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| show | 1/2 the number of mm: 1+ if 2mm, 2+ if 4mm, 3+ if 6mm, or 4+ if 8mm.
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| Never given IV Push | show 🗑
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| Potassium-rich foods | show 🗑
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| Calorie requirements for average adult | show 🗑
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| Normal serum protein | show 🗑
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| Decreased serum protein | show 🗑
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| High Protein Foods | show 🗑
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| show | when bowel sounds are present (usually within 24 hrs of PEG tube insertion)
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | show 🗑
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| show | Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate. Common in diabetic ketoacidosis.
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| Biot's respiration | show 🗑
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| show | 36° to 38° C (96.8° to 100.4° F)
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| Degree Fever becomes harmful | show 🗑
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| Heatstroke | show 🗑
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| Hypothermia | show 🗑
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| show | (°F−32)×5/9
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| show | (9/5×°C)+32
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| show | 120-160
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| show | 90-140
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| show | 80-110
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| show | 75-100
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| show | 60-90
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| show | 60-100
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| show | 35-40
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| Normal Respiratory Rate (Infant 6 mos) | show 🗑
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| show | 25-32
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| show | 20-30
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| show | 16-20
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| Normal Respiratory Rate (Adult) | show 🗑
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| Normal BP (Newborn) | show 🗑
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| Normal BP (1 month) | show 🗑
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| show | 95/65
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| show | 105/65
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| Normal BP (10-13 yrs) | show 🗑
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| Normal BP (14-17 yrs) | show 🗑
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| Normal BP (18 yrs or older) | show 🗑
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| Prehypertension | show 🗑
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| Stage 1 hypertension | show 🗑
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| show | Systolic ≥160 OR Diastolic ≥100
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| Hypotension | show 🗑
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| Antitussive | show 🗑
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| show | Beta 1 blockers, Beta 1 & 2 blockers, Alpha-Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocers, Calcium Channel Blockers
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| show | Weight loss drugs & alcohol can lessen effect.
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| show | Can cause serious congenital problems, hyperkalemia, and angioedema. Shouldn't be suddenly stopped or taken with NSAIDs (aspirin/ibuprofen).
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| show | Loop (fruosemide/Lasix), Thiazide (HCTZ), Potassium Sparing
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| Diuretic considerations | show 🗑
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| Classes of Antianginal | show 🗑
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| show | After 1 sublingual nitroglycerin, wait 5 min and administer a 2nd one if pain is not resolved or is worse.
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| show | Statins (lipitor), Fibric acid derivatives, Niacin derivatives, Bile acid sequestrants, Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
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| show | Pregnancy category X (do not give). Inhibited by grapefruit juice.
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| Positive inotropic drugs | show 🗑
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| Considerations for Digoxin | show 🗑
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| Classes of coagulation modifiers | show 🗑
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| Coagulation Modifier considerations | show 🗑
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| show | Antipsychotics (Throazine, Haldol, Geodin), Antidepressants (Elavil, MAO inhibitors, Prozac, Zoloft, Cymbalta, Wellbutrin), Antimanics (Lithium), Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines-Ativan, Valium, Xanax) Sleep aids (Lunesta, Ambien)
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| Considerations for Antipsychotics | show 🗑
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| show | If stopped suddenly will result in headache and dizziness for up to a week after discontinuation. Risk for serotonin syndrome, no St. John's Wort or Triptans (migraine meds)
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| Classes of Substance abuse drugs | show 🗑
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| show | Antiepileptics (Dilantin, Cerebyx, Tegretol, Depakote, Ativan, Neurontin)
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| Classes of Antianemics | show 🗑
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| Considerations for Iron | show 🗑
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| show | NSAID (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Tylenol), Opioids (Morphine, Demerol, Dilaudid, vicoden) Nonopioid Analgesic (tramadol)
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| show | GI bleeding
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| show | Monitor respiratory status, for orthostatic hypotension, and constipation.
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| show | Glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Flonase), Mineralcorticoids (fludrocortisone), Thyroid Agents (Synthroid), Antithyroid Agents (methimazole, propranolol)
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| show | Risk for Cushingoid appearance when used for 2 wks or longer. Don't stop abruptly (physiological crisis/death).
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| Normal WBC count | show 🗑
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| show | 5-35/min
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| show | 30mL/1oz
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| oz/cup | show 🗑
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| Five stages of dying | show 🗑
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| show | Extremities cool; mottling of the legs; perspiration, increased sleeping, disorienation; incontinence, upper airway secretions; noisy respirations; restlessness; decreased intake of food & fluids; nausea
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| Homan's sign | show 🗑
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| show | hands on abdomen above belly button, breath in and make hands go up.
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| show | An individual's right of self-determination and freedom of decision making.
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| show | Doing good for clients and providing benefit balanced against risk.
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| show | Doing no harm to clients.
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| show | Being fair to all and giving equal treatment, including distributing benefits, risks, and costs equally.
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| Fidelity | show 🗑
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| show | Telling the truth and not intentionally deceiving or misleading clients.
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| show | The prohibition of some disclosures of information gained in certain relationships without the consent of the original source of the information.
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| Privacy | show 🗑
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| show | clear, watery plasma
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| Purulent Wound Drainage | show 🗑
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| Serosanguineous Wound Drainage | show 🗑
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| Sanguineous Wound Drainage | show 🗑
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| Dehiscence | show 🗑
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| Eschar | show 🗑
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| Evisceration | show 🗑
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| show | Hardening of a tissue, particularly the skin, because of edema or inflammation.
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| Secondary intention | show 🗑
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| Tinnitus | show 🗑
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| show | redness when tissue is relieved of pressure. abnormal if lasts > 1hr and tissue does not blanch.
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| show | irregular or patchy discoloration of the skin.
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| show | redness that occurs when an area is lower than the heart. most common in legs.
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| Hydrocolloid dressings | show 🗑
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| Hydrogel dressings | show 🗑
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| Debridement | show 🗑
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| show | dressing traps moisture over wound. ideal for small superficial wounds such as partial-thickness wounds or to protect high-risk skin.
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| show | Mechanically debride tissue. Moistened guaze placed on the wound and allowed to dry. It adheres to the wound tissue and debrides necrotic or infected tissue as it is removed.
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| Autolytic debridement | show 🗑
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| show | Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliabilty, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
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| show | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Training Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
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| show | Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
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| Erikson's School Age (6 to 11 years) | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Adolescence (12 to 18 years) | show 🗑
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| show | Intimacy vs. Isolation Relationships Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
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| Erikson's Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years) | show 🗑
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| Erikson's Maturity(65 to death) | show 🗑
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| Normal Glucose Normal | show 🗑
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| Normal HbA1c Normal | show 🗑
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| show | <130 mg/dL
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| show | men, 35-65 mg/dL; women, 35-80 mg/dL
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| Normal Triglycerides Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 3.5 to 5.5 g/dL
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| Normal Serum Transferrin Normal | show 🗑
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| show | 15 to 25 mg/dL
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| show | <0.1 mg/dL
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| Normal Daily Oral Fluid Intake | show 🗑
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| show | 2200-2700 mL
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| Normal Daily Urine Fluid Output | show 🗑
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| Normal Osmolality | show 🗑
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| show | 10-25 mg/dL
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| Normal Sodium | show 🗑
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| show | 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
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| Normal Chloride | show 🗑
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| show | 8.4-10.5 mg/dL
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| show | 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
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| show | 2.7-4.5 mg/dL
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| Normal pH | show 🗑
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| Normal PaCO2 | show 🗑
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| show | 80-100 mm Hg
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| show | 22-26 mEq/L
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| Normal O2 Sat | show 🗑
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| show | males—14 to 18 g/dL, females—12 to 16 g/dL
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| Normal Hematocrit Normal | show 🗑
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| Normal RBC | show 🗑
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| show | 5000-10,000/mm3
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| Normal Iron | show 🗑
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