Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

UTA 3632 Foundations HESI Prep

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Crede's method   pressure is put on the suprapubic area with each attempted void. The maneuver promotes bladder emptying by relaxing the urethral sphincter.  
🗑
Goals should be   relevant to patient needs, specific, singular, observable, measurable, and time limited.  
🗑
Fall Risk Factors   Age (>60); Hx of Fall; Elimination urgency, frequency, or incontinence; Medications; Equipment; Decreased mobility; Cognition concerns  
🗑
Medications causing increased fall risk   PCA/Opiates, Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensives, Diuretics, Hypnotics, Laxatives, Sedatives, and Psychotropics  
🗑
Equipment causing increased fall risk   Any Equipment That Tethers Patient (e.g., IV Infusion, Chest Tube, Indwelling Catheters, SCDs)  
🗑
Patient-handling devices used to prevent lift injuries   height-adjustable beds, ceiling-mounted lifts, friction-reducing slide sheets, and air-assisted devices  
🗑
Physiological risk factors   involve the physical functioning of the body; physical conditions that place increased stress on physiological systems, increasing susceptibility to illness in these areas.  
🗑
Conditions treated with heat therapies   Open wounds, rectal surgery, episiotomy, painful hemorrhoids, muscle tension, vaginal inflammation, wound debridement  
🗑
Conditions treated with cold therapies   Direct trauma (sprains, strains, fractures, muscle spasms), superficial laceration or puncture wound, minor burn, suspected malignancy in area of injury or pain, injections, arthritis and joint trauma  
🗑
Physiological response to heat therapies   Vasodilation, Reduced blood viscosity, Reduced muscle tension, Increased tissue metabolism, Increased capillary permeability  
🗑
Physiological response to cold therapies   Vasoconstriction, Local anesthesia, Reduced cell metabolism, Increased blood viscosity, Decreased muscle tension  
🗑
Selective optimization with compensation theory   concept that, as individuals age, they are able to compensate for some decreases in physical or cognitive performance by developing new approaches.  
🗑
Negative feedback process   senses an abnormal state such as lowered body temperature and makes an adaptive response such as initiating shivering to generate body heat.  
🗑
Hypertension   two elevated blood pressure measurements in a row  
🗑
Normal pH of urine   4.6-8.0  
🗑
Proteinuria   Protein in Urine. Caused by renal disease  
🗑
Glucosuria   Glucose in Urine. Caused by diabetes mellitus or ingestion of high concentratiosn of glucose  
🗑
Ketonuria   Ketones in urine. Caused by poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, dehydration, starvation, or excessive aspirin usage  
🗑
Normal Specific gravity of urine   1.0053-1.030  
🗑
Elevated Specific gravity of urine   Dehydration, reduced renal blood flow, and increased ADH secretion.  
🗑
Reduced Specific gravity of urine   Overhydration, early renal disease, and inadequate ADH secretion.  
🗑
Hematuria   Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or myoglobin in urine. Caused by damage to glomeruli or tubules, trauma, disease, or surgery of the lower urinary tract. Blood in a routine urine specimen in a woman may be a result of contamination with menstrual fluid.  
🗑
Elevated WBC in urine   urinary tract infection  
🗑
Bacteriuria   Bacteria in urine. Indicative of urinary tract infection.  
🗑
Casts in urine   renal alterations  
🗑
Crystals in urine   Result of food metabolism. Excess crystals such as uric acid or calcium phosphate result in renal stone formation.  
🗑
Urine daily output   1200 to 1500 mL  
🗑
Decreased urine output   less than 30 mL for more than 2 consecutive hours  
🗑
Respiratory acidosis s/s   ph < 7.35, PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg, HCO3 normal (uncompensated) or > 26 mEq/L (compensated), Headache, light-headedness, decreased level of consciousness (confusion, lethargy, coma), cardiac dysrhythmia, warm and flushed skin, muscular twitching.  
🗑
Respiratory acidosis causes   Impaired gas exchange (e.g., COPD, Pneumonia), Impaired neuromuscular function (e.g., resp muscle weakness d/t hypokalemia, chest injury), Dysfunction of brainstem respiratory control (e.g., drug overdose, central sleep apnea)  
🗑
Respiratory alkalosis s/s   ph > 7.45, PaCO2 < 35mmHg, HCO3 normal (uncompensated) or < 22mEq/L (compensated), hyperventilation, light-headedness, paresthesias, excitement and confusion possibly followed by decreased LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias.  
🗑
Respiratory alkalosis causes   Hypoxemia, Acute pain, Anxiety, psychological distress, prolonged sobbing, Inappropriate mechanical ventilator settings, Stimulation of brainstem respiratory control: head injuries, meningitis, gram-negative sepsis, salicylate overdose  
🗑
Metabolic acidosis s/s   ph < 7.35, HCO3 < 22 meq/L, PaCO2 normal (uncompensated) or < 35 mm Hg (compensated), Decreased LOC (lethargy, confusion, coma), abdominal pain, cardiac dysrhythmias, compensatory hyperventilation  
🗑
Metabolic acidosis causes   Increase of metabolic acid (e.g., ketoacidis, hypermetabolic state, oliguric renal disease, cirulatory shock, ingestion of acid) or Decrease of base (e.g., diarrhea, pancreatic fistula or intestinal decompression, renal tubular acidosis)  
🗑
Metabolic alkalosis s/s   ph > 7.45, HCO3 > 26 meq/L, PaCO2 normal (uncompensated) or > 45 mm Hg (compensated), Light-headedness, paresthesias; possible excitement and confusion followed by decreased LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias (may be caused by hypokalemia)  
🗑
Metabolic alkalosis causes   Increase of base (e.g., Admin NaHCO3, blood transfusion, ECV deficit) or decrease of metabolic acid (e.g., vomiting, gastric suctioning, hypokalemia, excess aldosterone)  
🗑
Primary prevention   Health promotion, specific protection  
🗑
Secondary prevention   Early dx/prompt tx and Disability limitations  
🗑
Tertiary prevention   Restoration and rehabilitation  
🗑
Dysphagia interventions   30-min rest before eating, upright to eat, chin-down position, place food in strong side (if unilateral), thicken fluids, feed slowly, small bites. If cough/choke, remove food & provide oral suction if necessary.  
🗑
Nutrition needs of immobile patient   high-calorie, high-protein diet. Avoid calcium foods d/t increased risk for urinary calcification.  
🗑
Allostatic load   Stress resistance stage; chronic arousal with presence of powerful hormones causing excessive wear and tear on the person.  
🗑
Delayed gastric emptying   concern aspiration risk if 250 mL or more remains in the patient's stomach on each of two consecutive assessments.  
🗑
Blood pressure cuff too small causes   false-high reading  
🗑
Blood pressure cuff too large causes   false-low reading  
🗑
Assessment for Orthostatic vital sign changes   Both blood pressure & pulse taken in each position: lying, sitting, and standing.  
🗑
Anticipated vital changes with fluid volume deficit   Orthostatic hypotension & tachycardia (decreased BP and increased pulse upon standing)  
🗑
Correlation btwn weight loss/gain & fluid   1 kg body weight lost/gained is equivalent to appx 1 L of fluid  
🗑
Elderly problem that contributes to fluid volume deficit   Decreased hepatic blood flow decreases drug metabolism, increasing drug effect.  
🗑
Lab test to monitor increase in free, unbound drug molecules   Serum protein - if decreased, drugs don't bind and remain free.  
🗑
Pitting edema scale   1/2 the number of mm: 1+ if 2mm, 2+ if 4mm, 3+ if 6mm, or 4+ if 8mm.  
🗑
Never given IV Push   Potassium  
🗑
Potassium-rich foods   Potato, Grapefruit  
🗑
Calorie requirements for average adult   20-35 calories/kg/day  
🗑
Normal serum protein   6.4-8.3 g/dl  
🗑
Decreased serum protein   indicator of malnutrition  
🗑
High Protein Foods   Milk, Eggs (including deserts: angel food cake, custard, cheesecake), Cheese, Meat/Poultry/Fish  
🗑
When to begin feeding supplements   when bowel sounds are present (usually within 24 hrs of PEG tube insertion)  
🗑
Cheyne-Stokes respiration   Respiratory rate and depth are irregular with alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation. Respiratory cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate and depth then reverses.  
🗑
Kussmaul's respiration   Respirations are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate. Common in diabetic ketoacidosis.  
🗑
Biot's respiration   Respirations are abnormally shallow for two to three breaths followed by irregular period of apnea.  
🗑
Normal Temp (adult)   36° to 38° C (96.8° to 100.4° F)  
🗑
Degree Fever becomes harmful   39° C (102.2° F)  
🗑
Heatstroke   40° C (104° F) or more  
🗑
Hypothermia   below 35° C (95° F), usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold  
🗑
Farenheit to Celsius conversion   (°F−32)×5/9  
🗑
Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion   (9/5×°C)+32  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (Infant)   120-160  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (Toddler)   90-140  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (Preschooler)   80-110  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (School-aged)   75-100  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (Adolescent)   60-90  
🗑
Normal Heart Rate (Adult)   60-100  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Newborn)   35-40  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Infant 6 mos)   30-50  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Toddler 2yrs)   25-32  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Child)   20-30  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Adolescent)   16-20  
🗑
Normal Respiratory Rate (Adult)   12-20  
🗑
Normal BP (Newborn)   40 (mean)  
🗑
Normal BP (1 month)   85/54  
🗑
Normal BP (1 year)   95/65  
🗑
Normal BP (6 years)   105/65  
🗑
Normal BP (10-13 yrs)   110/65  
🗑
Normal BP (14-17 yrs)   119/75  
🗑
Normal BP (18 yrs or older)   <120/<80  
🗑
Prehypertension   Systolic 120-139 OR Diastolic 80-89  
🗑
Stage 1 hypertension   Systolic 140-159 OR Diastolic 90-99  
🗑
Stage 2 hypertension   Systolic ≥160 OR Diastolic ≥100  
🗑
Hypotension   Systolic BP falls to 90 mm Hg or below  
🗑
Antitussive   Reduces frequency of coughs  
🗑
Classes of antihypertenisives   Beta 1 blockers, Beta 1 & 2 blockers, Alpha-Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocers, Calcium Channel Blockers  
🗑
Beta blocker considerations   Weight loss drugs & alcohol can lessen effect.  
🗑
ACE Inhibitor considerations   Can cause serious congenital problems, hyperkalemia, and angioedema. Shouldn't be suddenly stopped or taken with NSAIDs (aspirin/ibuprofen).  
🗑
Classes of diuretics   Loop (fruosemide/Lasix), Thiazide (HCTZ), Potassium Sparing  
🗑
Diuretic considerations   Can cause significant hypokalemia. Sulfonamide dirivitives, assess for allergies.  
🗑
Classes of Antianginal   Nitrates (Nitroglycerin)  
🗑
Considerations for Nitrates   After 1 sublingual nitroglycerin, wait 5 min and administer a 2nd one if pain is not resolved or is worse.  
🗑
Classes of Antilipidemics   Statins (lipitor), Fibric acid derivatives, Niacin derivatives, Bile acid sequestrants, Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor  
🗑
Nursing Considerations for Statins   Pregnancy category X (do not give). Inhibited by grapefruit juice.  
🗑
Positive inotropic drugs   Heart failure drugs (Digoxin)  
🗑
Considerations for Digoxin   Check apical pulse bef admin. Use Atropine as antidote for bradycardia.  
🗑
Classes of coagulation modifiers   Anticoagulants (Heparin, Levonox, Coumadin/warfarin), Antiplatelets (Aspirin, Plavix), Thrombolytic  
🗑
Coagulation Modifier considerations   Monitor for bleeding. Monitor coagulation labs (PT/INR, PTT) and CBC (rule out anemia)  
🗑
Psychotherapeutic classes   Antipsychotics (Throazine, Haldol, Geodin), Antidepressants (Elavil, MAO inhibitors, Prozac, Zoloft, Cymbalta, Wellbutrin), Antimanics (Lithium), Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines-Ativan, Valium, Xanax) Sleep aids (Lunesta, Ambien)  
🗑
Considerations for Antipsychotics   Tardive dyskinesia (workm-like twisting & writhering of tongue and face, lip smaking, tounge protrusion)  
🗑
Considerations for SSRIs   If stopped suddenly will result in headache and dizziness for up to a week after discontinuation. Risk for serotonin syndrome, no St. John's Wort or Triptans (migraine meds)  
🗑
Classes of Substance abuse drugs   Opiods (Morphine), Stimulants (Meth), Depresants (Marijuana), Alcohol (ETOH), Nicotine  
🗑
Classes of Antiepileptic Drugs   Antiepileptics (Dilantin, Cerebyx, Tegretol, Depakote, Ativan, Neurontin)  
🗑
Classes of Antianemics   Hematinic (iron, B12, Folic acid, epoetin alfa)  
🗑
Considerations for Iron   Fruit juice (vitamin C) increases absorption. Food, milk, or antacids decrease absorption. Can cause constipation.  
🗑
Drugs used to manage inflammation, pain and fever   NSAID (Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Tylenol), Opioids (Morphine, Demerol, Dilaudid, vicoden) Nonopioid Analgesic (tramadol)  
🗑
Considerations for NSAIDS   GI bleeding  
🗑
Considerations for Opioids   Monitor respiratory status, for orthostatic hypotension, and constipation.  
🗑
Drugs affecting adrenal & thyroid glands   Glucocorticoids (Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Flonase), Mineralcorticoids (fludrocortisone), Thyroid Agents (Synthroid), Antithyroid Agents (methimazole, propranolol)  
🗑
Glucocorticoid considerations   Risk for Cushingoid appearance when used for 2 wks or longer. Don't stop abruptly (physiological crisis/death).  
🗑
Normal WBC count   5000-10000/mm3  
🗑
Normal Bowel Sounds   5-35/min  
🗑
mL/oz   30mL/1oz  
🗑
oz/cup   8oz/1cup  
🗑
Five stages of dying   Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance  
🗑
Final Stages of Dying s/s   Extremities cool; mottling of the legs; perspiration, increased sleeping, disorienation; incontinence, upper airway secretions; noisy respirations; restlessness; decreased intake of food & fluids; nausea  
🗑
Homan's sign   A positive sign is demonstrated when the client complains of pain in the calf upon dorsal flexion of the foot. Warning sign of possible thrombophlebitis.  
🗑
Technique for deep-breathing   hands on abdomen above belly button, breath in and make hands go up.  
🗑
Autonomy   An individual's right of self-determination and freedom of decision making.  
🗑
Beneficence   Doing good for clients and providing benefit balanced against risk.  
🗑
Nonmaleficence   Doing no harm to clients.  
🗑
Justice   Being fair to all and giving equal treatment, including distributing benefits, risks, and costs equally.  
🗑
Fidelity   Being loyal and faithful to commitments and accountable for responsibilities.  
🗑
Veracity   Telling the truth and not intentionally deceiving or misleading clients.  
🗑
Confidentiality   The prohibition of some disclosures of information gained in certain relationships without the consent of the original source of the information.  
🗑
Privacy   A right of limited physical or informational inaccessibility.  
🗑
Serous Wound Drainage   clear, watery plasma  
🗑
Purulent Wound Drainage   thick, yellow, green, tan, or brown  
🗑
Serosanguineous Wound Drainage   pale, red, water: mixture of serous and sanguineous  
🗑
Sanguineous Wound Drainage   Bright red: indicates acive bleeding  
🗑
Dehiscence   Separation of the edges of a wound, revealing underlying tissues.  
🗑
Eschar   Thick layer of dead, dry tissue that covers a pressure ulcer or thermal burn. It may be allowed to be sloughed off naturally, or it may need to be surgically removed.  
🗑
Evisceration   Protrusion of visceral organs through a surgical wound.  
🗑
Induration   Hardening of a tissue, particularly the skin, because of edema or inflammation.  
🗑
Secondary intention   Wound closure in which the edges are separated; granulation tissue develops to fill the gap; and, finally, epithelium grows in over the granulation, producing a larger scar than results with primary intention.  
🗑
Tinnitus   Ringing heard in one or both ears.  
🗑
Reactive hyperemia   redness when tissue is relieved of pressure. abnormal if lasts > 1hr and tissue does not blanch.  
🗑
Mottling   irregular or patchy discoloration of the skin.  
🗑
Dependent rubor   redness that occurs when an area is lower than the heart. most common in legs.  
🗑
Hydrocolloid dressings   dressings that are adhesive and occlusive. The wound contact layer of this dressing forms a gel as fluid is absorbed and maintains a moist healing environment. They support healing in clean granulating wounds and autolytically debride necrotic wounds.  
🗑
Hydrogel dressings   dressing hydrates wounds and absorbs some smaller amounts of exudate. Hydrogel dressings are for partial-thickness and full-thickness wounds, deep wounds with some exudate, necrotic wounds, burns, and radiation-damaged skin.  
🗑
Debridement   removal of dead tissue from a wound.  
🗑
Self-adhesive, transparent film dressings   dressing traps moisture over wound. ideal for small superficial wounds such as partial-thickness wounds or to protect high-risk skin.  
🗑
Wet-to-dry dressings   Mechanically debride tissue. Moistened guaze placed on the wound and allowed to dry. It adheres to the wound tissue and debrides necrotic or infected tissue as it is removed.  
🗑
Autolytic debridement   synthetic dressings placed over a wound to allow eschar to be self-digested by action of enzymes in wound fluids. (e.g., transparrent film & hydrocolloid.  
🗑
Erikson's Infancy (birth to 18 months)   Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliabilty, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.  
🗑
Erikson's Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)   Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Training Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.  
🗑
Erikson's Preschool (3 to 5 years)   Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.  
🗑
Erikson's School Age (6 to 11 years)   Industry vs. Inferiority School Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.  
🗑
Erikson's Adolescence (12 to 18 years)   Identity vs. Role Confusion Social Relationships Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.  
🗑
Erikson's Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)   Intimacy vs. Isolation Relationships Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.  
🗑
Erikson's Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)   Generativity vs. Stagnation Work and Parenthood Need to create/nurture things that will outlast them. Success = feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure = shallow involvement in the world.  
🗑
Erikson's Maturity(65 to death)   Ego Integrity vs. Despair Reflection on Life Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.  
🗑
Normal Glucose Normal   <100 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal HbA1c Normal   5-7%  
🗑
Normal LDL Cholesterol Normal   <130 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal HDL Cholesterol Normal   men, 35-65 mg/dL; women, 35-80 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Triglycerides Normal   <150 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Serum Albumin Normal   3.5 to 5.5 g/dL  
🗑
Normal Serum Transferrin Normal   170 to 250 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Prealbumin Normal   15 to 25 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal C-reactive protein (CRP) Normal   <0.1 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Daily Oral Fluid Intake   1100-1400 mL  
🗑
Normal Total Daily Fluid Intake/Output   2200-2700 mL  
🗑
Normal Daily Urine Fluid Output   1200-1500 mL  
🗑
Normal Osmolality   280-300 mOsm/kg  
🗑
Normal BUN   10-25 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Sodium   136-145 mEq/L  
🗑
Normal Potassium   3.5-5.0 mEq/L  
🗑
Normal Chloride   98-106 mEq/L  
🗑
Normal Calcium   8.4-10.5 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal Magnesium   1.5-2.5 mEq/L  
🗑
Normal Phosphate   2.7-4.5 mg/dL  
🗑
Normal pH   7.35-7.45  
🗑
Normal PaCO2   35-45 mm Hg  
🗑
Normal PaO2   80-100 mm Hg  
🗑
Normal HCO3   22-26 mEq/L  
🗑
Normal O2 Sat   95-100%  
🗑
Normal Hemoglobin Normal   males—14 to 18 g/dL, females—12 to 16 g/dL  
🗑
Normal Hematocrit Normal   males—37% to 49%, females—36% to 46%  
🗑
Normal RBC   4.7 to 6.1 million/mm3, males; 4.2 to 5.4 million/mm3, females  
🗑
Normal WBC   5000-10,000/mm3  
🗑
Normal Iron   60-90 g/100 mL  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: camellia
Popular Nursing sets