Fluids&Electrolytes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What is the normal pH of blood? | 7.35-7.45
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| Anxiety and hyperventillation may cause respiratory _________? | Alkalosis
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| COPD and heavy narcotic use may cause respiratory _________? | Acidosis
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| Kayexalate is given for what electrolyte imbalance? | Hyperkalemia
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| How does kayexalate work? | It exchanges potassium ions for sodium ions.
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| What EKG changes are noted with hypo and hyperkalemia? | Inverted T waves = hypo Elevated T waves = hyper
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| How does insulin correct hyperkalemia? | Insulin drives potassium back into cells.
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| What do chlorides assist in making? | HCL
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| Why is the Allen test performed? | To assess ulnar circulation.
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| Infants have a higher percentage of this fluid, which is lost more rapidly. | Extracellular
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| What is the #1 cause of hypernatremia? | Edema
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| What is a major cause of hyperkalemia? | Renal failure
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| Causes of fluid volume deficit. | Vomiting/diarrhea,NG suction, colostomy, wounds, burns, fistulas, diuretics,
bleeding
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| S/S FVD | Thirst, poor tenting, dry muc membranes, flushed skin, increased HR, flat neck veins, decreased BP
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| Nursing interventions FVD | VS, I&O, turgor, daily weight, hematocrit level, replace fluids
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| Causes of fluid volume excess | Too much IVF, renal disease, CHF, cirrhosis, Cushing's, steroids
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| S/S FVE | Distended neck veins, decreased hematocrit, confusion, moist rales, edema, increased BP
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| Nursing interventions FVE | VS, fluid restriction, Na+ restriction, diuretics, monitor edema, daily weight
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| Causes hyponatremia | Excessive perspiration, spacing, edema, vomiting, diarrhea, NG,diuretics, too much IVF, renal disease
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| S/S hyponatremia | Headache, postural hypotension, muscle weakness, twitching, tremors, poor tenting, dry muc membranes, pyrexia
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| Causes hypernatremia | Diarrhea, vomiting, burns, excess sodium, kayexalate
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| S/S hypernatremia | Thirst, dry muc membranes, flushed, weakness, irritability, postural hypotension
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| Causes hypokalemia | #1 diuretics, burns, diarrhea, vomiting
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| S/S hypokalemia | Life threatening arrythmias, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diminished reflexes
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| Causes hyperkalemia | #1 renal failure, excess intake, potassium sparing diuretics, burns
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| S/S hyperkalemia | Elevated T waves on EKG,nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dysrhythmias, weakness
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| Causes hypocalcemia | Loop diuretics,inadequate intake,lack Vit D, parathyroid dysfunction, caffeine
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| S/S hypocalcemia | Osteoporosis, Paresthesia, cramps, twitching, dysrhythmias
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| Causes hypercalcemia | Excess intake, bone destruction, immobility, renal failure, hyperparathyroidism
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| S/S hypercalcemia | Thirst, polyuria, Increased HR, diminished DTR's, nausea, vomiting,slow GI, confusion, lethargy, renal stones
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