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Fluids&Electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the normal pH of blood? | 7.35-7.45 |
| Anxiety and hyperventillation may cause respiratory _________? | Alkalosis |
| COPD and heavy narcotic use may cause respiratory _________? | Acidosis |
| Kayexalate is given for what electrolyte imbalance? | Hyperkalemia |
| How does kayexalate work? | It exchanges potassium ions for sodium ions. |
| What EKG changes are noted with hypo and hyperkalemia? | Inverted T waves = hypo Elevated T waves = hyper |
| How does insulin correct hyperkalemia? | Insulin drives potassium back into cells. |
| What do chlorides assist in making? | HCL |
| Why is the Allen test performed? | To assess ulnar circulation. |
| Infants have a higher percentage of this fluid, which is lost more rapidly. | Extracellular |
| What is the #1 cause of hypernatremia? | Edema |
| What is a major cause of hyperkalemia? | Renal failure |
| Causes of fluid volume deficit. | Vomiting/diarrhea,NG suction, colostomy, wounds, burns, fistulas, diuretics, bleeding |
| S/S FVD | Thirst, poor tenting, dry muc membranes, flushed skin, increased HR, flat neck veins, decreased BP |
| Nursing interventions FVD | VS, I&O, turgor, daily weight, hematocrit level, replace fluids |
| Causes of fluid volume excess | Too much IVF, renal disease, CHF, cirrhosis, Cushing's, steroids |
| S/S FVE | Distended neck veins, decreased hematocrit, confusion, moist rales, edema, increased BP |
| Nursing interventions FVE | VS, fluid restriction, Na+ restriction, diuretics, monitor edema, daily weight |
| Causes hyponatremia | Excessive perspiration, spacing, edema, vomiting, diarrhea, NG,diuretics, too much IVF, renal disease |
| S/S hyponatremia | Headache, postural hypotension, muscle weakness, twitching, tremors, poor tenting, dry muc membranes, pyrexia |
| Causes hypernatremia | Diarrhea, vomiting, burns, excess sodium, kayexalate |
| S/S hypernatremia | Thirst, dry muc membranes, flushed, weakness, irritability, postural hypotension |
| Causes hypokalemia | #1 diuretics, burns, diarrhea, vomiting |
| S/S hypokalemia | Life threatening arrythmias, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diminished reflexes |
| Causes hyperkalemia | #1 renal failure, excess intake, potassium sparing diuretics, burns |
| S/S hyperkalemia | Elevated T waves on EKG,nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dysrhythmias, weakness |
| Causes hypocalcemia | Loop diuretics,inadequate intake,lack Vit D, parathyroid dysfunction, caffeine |
| S/S hypocalcemia | Osteoporosis, Paresthesia, cramps, twitching, dysrhythmias |
| Causes hypercalcemia | Excess intake, bone destruction, immobility, renal failure, hyperparathyroidism |
| S/S hypercalcemia | Thirst, polyuria, Increased HR, diminished DTR's, nausea, vomiting,slow GI, confusion, lethargy, renal stones |
Created by:
shocklori
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