More Respitory
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| T or F: Nitric Oxide(NO) is a vasoconstrictor? | FALSE. Vasoconstrictor
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| Explain the Hemoglobin-Nitric Oxide Partnership. | -NO binds to cysteine amino acid on hemoglobin(acts like a buffer, protects it from degradation)
-NO is released as oxygen is unloaded causing vasodialation
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| How is Carbon Dioxide transported? | DONT CRY BITCH
-Dissolved in plasma(7-10%)
-Chemically binds to hemoglobin-20% is carried in RBCs carbaminohemoglobin
-Bicorbonate ion in plasma(70%)
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| What is the Haldane Effect? | The less Oxygen that binds to hemoglobin, the more Carbon dioxide can bind to hemoglobin.
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| What is the Bohr Effect? | As more carbon dioxide enters the blood, the more Oxygen dissociates itself from Hb.
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| When you see of the word "dissociate" what are you supposed to think of? | Unloading of Oxygen.
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| is Bicarbonate a Base or Acid? | Base.
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| Is carbonic acid a Base or Acid? | Acid.
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| Explain the Bicarbonate Buffer System. | Strong Acid+Weak Base= Weak Acid
Strong base+Weak acid=Weak Base
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| As Hydrogen levels increase in the blood, PH will _______ | Acidity will increase, PH will decrease.
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| What is the normal PH of your blood? | 7.35-7.45
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| If PH is under 7.35 then it is ______ | Acidosis
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| If PH is over 7.45 then it is _______ | Alkalosis
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| T or F: is your blood acidic at 7.3? | FALSE. It is acidosis
PAY ATTENTION TO WORDING
Acid ---> Acidosis
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| What groups make up your Medullary Respiratory Centers? | Dorsal Respiratory group(DRG) and Ventral respiratory group(VRG)
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| What does your Dorsal Respiratory group do? | Gets input from peripheral stretch and chemoreceptors.
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| What does your Ventral Respiratory group do? | -Sets your EUPNEA(good breath)
-12-15 Breaths per min
-sets your normal breathing
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| What are your Respiratory Centers? | Medullary(2 groups) and Pontine Respiratory Centers.
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| What does your Pontine Respiratory Center do? | Smooths your breathing.
Smooths the transition between inspiration and expiration.
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| DEPTH of respiration is determined by? | HOW ACTIVE the stimulus to the muscles are.
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| the RATE of respiration is determined by? | HOW LONG the "switch" is on.
longer--->slower
shorter-->faster
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| Depth and rate of breathing can be altered by: | -Limbic System(out of your control ex:getting mad)
-Body Temperature(increases respiratory rate)
-Cortical Controls(Voluntary, holding in your breath)
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| Talk about the Limbic System. | -When you get mad(out of your control)
-overrides your autonomic system
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| What is Hering-Breuer Reflex? | -Protective Reflex
-Inhibitory signals end inhalation and allows expiration to occur
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| What is Hypercapnia? | Too much Carbon dioxide CO2
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| T or F: When you breathe heavy, its to bring more oxygen out, and more carbon dioxide in. | FALSE. When you breathe heavy, its to bring more oxygen in, and more cardon dioxide out.
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| What is Hyperventilation? | -increased depth and rate of breathing
-causes hypocapnia(decrease of CO2 levels)
-exceeds body's need to remove CO2
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| What is Hypocapnia? | Not enough Carbon dioxide CO2
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| Apnea is: | period of breathing when CO2 is low.
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| Name the types of Respiratory Adjustments during exercise. | PLEASE START EXERCISING
1.Psychological stimuli-anticipation of exercise
2.Simultaneous cortical motor activation. The largest. Actually activating your skeletal muscles.
3.Exictatory impulses reaching the respiratory centers from the muscles, tendons,
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| T or F: After exercise, your neural factors continue. | FALSE. They shut off, and return to normal.
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| Acidosis may reflect: | CATS ARE EVIL
-Carbon dioxide retention
-accumulation of lactic acid
-excess fatty acids in patients with diabetes mellitus
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| Quick Travel above 8000 feet may produce: | Acute Mountain Sickness
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| What are the Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness? | Headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, and dizziness. In severe cases, lethal cerebral and pulmonary edema.
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| What is Acclimatization? | Respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments to high altitudes.
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| What adjustments does your body make during Acclimatization? | 1) Increased ventilation- 2-3L higher then at sea level
2) Stimulates EPO (RBC production)
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| How long does it take for you to receive the benefits of high altitude training? | 3-4 Weeks
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| T or F: training above 3000-4000 feet produces the best results for performance. | FALSE. Living at high(8000), training in low(4000) gives best results.
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| What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? | -exemplified by CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and EMPHYSEMA
-Irreversible decreasae in the ability to force air out of the lungs
-history of 80% of patients were smokers
-dyspnea: labored breathing
-coughing and frequent pulmonary infections
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| What is Asthma? | -Active INFLAMMATION and BRONCHOSPASMS(bronchioles constrict)
-immune responce
-airways thickened
-1 in 10 people in N America
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| What is Tuberculosis? | -caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
-racking cough
-spitting up blood
-treatment: 12 month course of antibiotics
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| What bacterium causes Tuberculosis? | Myobacterium tuberculosis
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| 3 different types of lung cancer are: | Squamous cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small Cell Carcinoma
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| Talk about Lung Cancer. | -Leading cause of cancer deaths in N America
-90% of cases are result of smoking
-Lung cancer likes to spread
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| By the ___ week, a baby can prematurely breathe on its own. | 28th week
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| Respiratory rate for newborns is how many breaths per minute? | 40-80 respiration per minute.
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| Normal respiration rate per minute is _____per minute. | 12-15 Breaths per minute.
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| T or F: Trachealis muscle expels mucus during coughing. | TRUE
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| Speech is | expired air while opening and closing the glottis
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| Pitch | Length and Tension of vocal cords
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| Loudness | Force of air through vocal cords.
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| The ______ Amplifies and Enhances sound quality. | Pharynx.
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| T or F: Pharynx, Larynx, Sinuses, and Nose play a role in vocal production. | FALSE. Only your Larynx.
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