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More Respitory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T or F: Nitric Oxide(NO) is a vasoconstrictor? | FALSE. Vasoconstrictor |
| Explain the Hemoglobin-Nitric Oxide Partnership. | -NO binds to cysteine amino acid on hemoglobin(acts like a buffer, protects it from degradation) -NO is released as oxygen is unloaded causing vasodialation |
| How is Carbon Dioxide transported? | DONT CRY BITCH -Dissolved in plasma(7-10%) -Chemically binds to hemoglobin-20% is carried in RBCs carbaminohemoglobin -Bicorbonate ion in plasma(70%) |
| What is the Haldane Effect? | The less Oxygen that binds to hemoglobin, the more Carbon dioxide can bind to hemoglobin. |
| What is the Bohr Effect? | As more carbon dioxide enters the blood, the more Oxygen dissociates itself from Hb. |
| When you see of the word "dissociate" what are you supposed to think of? | Unloading of Oxygen. |
| is Bicarbonate a Base or Acid? | Base. |
| Is carbonic acid a Base or Acid? | Acid. |
| Explain the Bicarbonate Buffer System. | Strong Acid+Weak Base= Weak Acid Strong base+Weak acid=Weak Base |
| As Hydrogen levels increase in the blood, PH will _______ | Acidity will increase, PH will decrease. |
| What is the normal PH of your blood? | 7.35-7.45 |
| If PH is under 7.35 then it is ______ | Acidosis |
| If PH is over 7.45 then it is _______ | Alkalosis |
| T or F: is your blood acidic at 7.3? | FALSE. It is acidosis PAY ATTENTION TO WORDING Acid ---> Acidosis |
| What groups make up your Medullary Respiratory Centers? | Dorsal Respiratory group(DRG) and Ventral respiratory group(VRG) |
| What does your Dorsal Respiratory group do? | Gets input from peripheral stretch and chemoreceptors. |
| What does your Ventral Respiratory group do? | -Sets your EUPNEA(good breath) -12-15 Breaths per min -sets your normal breathing |
| What are your Respiratory Centers? | Medullary(2 groups) and Pontine Respiratory Centers. |
| What does your Pontine Respiratory Center do? | Smooths your breathing. Smooths the transition between inspiration and expiration. |
| DEPTH of respiration is determined by? | HOW ACTIVE the stimulus to the muscles are. |
| the RATE of respiration is determined by? | HOW LONG the "switch" is on. longer--->slower shorter-->faster |
| Depth and rate of breathing can be altered by: | -Limbic System(out of your control ex:getting mad) -Body Temperature(increases respiratory rate) -Cortical Controls(Voluntary, holding in your breath) |
| Talk about the Limbic System. | -When you get mad(out of your control) -overrides your autonomic system |
| What is Hering-Breuer Reflex? | -Protective Reflex -Inhibitory signals end inhalation and allows expiration to occur |
| What is Hypercapnia? | Too much Carbon dioxide CO2 |
| T or F: When you breathe heavy, its to bring more oxygen out, and more carbon dioxide in. | FALSE. When you breathe heavy, its to bring more oxygen in, and more cardon dioxide out. |
| What is Hyperventilation? | -increased depth and rate of breathing -causes hypocapnia(decrease of CO2 levels) -exceeds body's need to remove CO2 |
| What is Hypocapnia? | Not enough Carbon dioxide CO2 |
| Apnea is: | period of breathing when CO2 is low. |
| Name the types of Respiratory Adjustments during exercise. | PLEASE START EXERCISING 1.Psychological stimuli-anticipation of exercise 2.Simultaneous cortical motor activation. The largest. Actually activating your skeletal muscles. 3.Exictatory impulses reaching the respiratory centers from the muscles, tendons, |
| T or F: After exercise, your neural factors continue. | FALSE. They shut off, and return to normal. |
| Acidosis may reflect: | CATS ARE EVIL -Carbon dioxide retention -accumulation of lactic acid -excess fatty acids in patients with diabetes mellitus |
| Quick Travel above 8000 feet may produce: | Acute Mountain Sickness |
| What are the Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness? | Headaches, shortness of breath, nausea, and dizziness. In severe cases, lethal cerebral and pulmonary edema. |
| What is Acclimatization? | Respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments to high altitudes. |
| What adjustments does your body make during Acclimatization? | 1) Increased ventilation- 2-3L higher then at sea level 2) Stimulates EPO (RBC production) |
| How long does it take for you to receive the benefits of high altitude training? | 3-4 Weeks |
| T or F: training above 3000-4000 feet produces the best results for performance. | FALSE. Living at high(8000), training in low(4000) gives best results. |
| What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? | -exemplified by CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and EMPHYSEMA -Irreversible decreasae in the ability to force air out of the lungs -history of 80% of patients were smokers -dyspnea: labored breathing -coughing and frequent pulmonary infections |
| What is Asthma? | -Active INFLAMMATION and BRONCHOSPASMS(bronchioles constrict) -immune responce -airways thickened -1 in 10 people in N America |
| What is Tuberculosis? | -caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis -racking cough -spitting up blood -treatment: 12 month course of antibiotics |
| What bacterium causes Tuberculosis? | Myobacterium tuberculosis |
| 3 different types of lung cancer are: | Squamous cell Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Small Cell Carcinoma |
| Talk about Lung Cancer. | -Leading cause of cancer deaths in N America -90% of cases are result of smoking -Lung cancer likes to spread |
| By the ___ week, a baby can prematurely breathe on its own. | 28th week |
| Respiratory rate for newborns is how many breaths per minute? | 40-80 respiration per minute. |
| Normal respiration rate per minute is _____per minute. | 12-15 Breaths per minute. |
| T or F: Trachealis muscle expels mucus during coughing. | TRUE |
| Speech is | expired air while opening and closing the glottis |
| Pitch | Length and Tension of vocal cords |
| Loudness | Force of air through vocal cords. |
| The ______ Amplifies and Enhances sound quality. | Pharynx. |
| T or F: Pharynx, Larynx, Sinuses, and Nose play a role in vocal production. | FALSE. Only your Larynx. |
Created by:
lbreguez
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