unit 2
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| Biological Predisposition Model | genetic or constitutional factors influence a person's physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive response to stress and personality plays no role.
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| Health Related Behavior Models | Personality factors influence stress motivated health behaviors and determine future health and well-being
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| Moderation Models | personality influences the strength or direction of the relationship between stress and health. Some personality characteristics increase health risks other decrease health risks
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| buffer | reduces the impact of stressors
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| Personality | the overall enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that define an individual
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| Temperament | the biologically based foundation of personality, including emotionality, activity and sociability
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| Traits (dispositions) | the particular characteristics or structural elements of personality that predispose a person to respond in certain ways
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| states | temporary internal phenomena
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| factor analysis | use of multiple correlations to determine which of the measured elements cluster together. CATTELL
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| source traits | 16 distinct correlated factors that constitute each person's personality
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| Psychoticism | traits associated with nonconformity or social deviance (aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathetic)
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| Eynseck's PEN model- BIG THREE (supertraits, personality types) | Eynseck. Superfactors. Used instead of Cattels 16 source traits. Psychoticism. Extraversi8on- Introversion. Neuroticism.
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| Personality Types | qualitative categories of personality within a particular domain that define the person according to the construct's characteristics.
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| Type A | hard driving and competitive, having an exaggerated sense of time urgency
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| Type B | opposite of type A
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| Extraversion | sociable, lively, active, assertivem sensation-seekingm carefree, dominant, surgent venturesome
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| Introversion | The opposite of extraversion
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| Neuroticism | undesireable. anxiousm depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, emotional.
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| Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory | J. A. Gray. based on animal research Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral Inhibition system two motivational systems.
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| Behavioral Approach System | motivates us to approach potentially rewarding situations or stimuli. Linked with extraversion.
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| Behavioral Inhibition System | inhibits action and is associated with avoidance behavior. linked with neuroticism.
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| The Big Five (the Five Factor Model) | Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Conscientiousness (OCEAN)
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| facets | subcomponents to the big five
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| Agreeableness | soft hearted trusting good natured
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| openness | creativity, imaginative, enjoying variety
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| conscientiousness | ambitious, responsible, hard working
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| Neurotic Cascade | 1) Hyperactivity 2)Differential Exposure 3)Differential Appraisal 4) Mood Spillover 5) the sting of familiar problems
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| mood spillover | recycling old hurts and grievances
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| Internalizing disorder | characterized by inward expression of pathology
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| externalizing disorder | characterized by outward expression of pathology
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| constructive anger expression | assertively discussing why they are upset with the person toward whom they feel anger
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| destructive anger justification | blaming others for their anger and expressing self justification and desire for vindication
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| destructive anger rumination | holding grudges
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| type D personality | a distressed personality type that has high negative affectivity and social inhibition. indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with heart disease
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| engagement coping | the stressor or the emotions it evokes are dealt with directly
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| disengagement coping | escape and avoidance
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| hardiness | stress resistant personality. synergy of 3 elements. Control, challenge and commitment
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| anxiety | complex and diffuse feelings of uneasiness related to possible impending threats
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| existential anxiety | awareness of ultimate concerns; death meaning, freedom, isolation
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| Anxiety Disorders | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, phobic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, PTSD
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| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Excessive uncontrollable anxiety and worry (6 mos)
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| Panic Disorder | repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with worry and concern about reoccurrence of attacks
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| interoceptive sensitivity | high awareness of one's internal physiological activity
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| agoraphobia | fear of being in a public place
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| social phobia | fear of social activity with unfamiliar people
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| specific phobias | intense and exaggerated fears of specific objects or situations other than public places or social contexts
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| obsessive compulsive disorder | obsessions- thoughts, compulsions- behaviors
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| PTSD | reaction to traumatic stressors that results in reexperiencing the traumatic event
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| Exposure therapy | most effective in treating anxiety. the person in treatment systematically confronts the feared event or stimulus in a safe and controlled environment
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| Response Prevention | Used for OCD. THe planned practice of inhibiting compulsive behaviors when exposed to a feared even or stimulus
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| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | cognitively oriented therapeutic approach designed to challenge dysfunctional automatic thoughts, assumptions and beliefs
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| intermittent explosive disorder | episodes of extreme anger and acting out the anger through assaults or destruction of property
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| catharsis theory | a discredited theory of anger managaement based on the concept that to reduce anger one should ventilate it periodically
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| passive aggressive behavior | a form of resistance to others through procrastination, excuse-making, obstructionism, or poor performance of tasks where the person engaging in the bahviors does not take responsibility for his or her actions or inactions
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| diathesis stress model of depression | stress leads to depression in vulnerable individuals
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| negative cognitive triad | a tendency among depressed people to view the self the world and the future in a negative light. Beck
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