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psychology of stress
unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biological Predisposition Model | genetic or constitutional factors influence a person's physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive response to stress and personality plays no role. |
| Health Related Behavior Models | Personality factors influence stress motivated health behaviors and determine future health and well-being |
| Moderation Models | personality influences the strength or direction of the relationship between stress and health. Some personality characteristics increase health risks other decrease health risks |
| buffer | reduces the impact of stressors |
| Personality | the overall enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that define an individual |
| Temperament | the biologically based foundation of personality, including emotionality, activity and sociability |
| Traits (dispositions) | the particular characteristics or structural elements of personality that predispose a person to respond in certain ways |
| states | temporary internal phenomena |
| factor analysis | use of multiple correlations to determine which of the measured elements cluster together. CATTELL |
| source traits | 16 distinct correlated factors that constitute each person's personality |
| Psychoticism | traits associated with nonconformity or social deviance (aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathetic) |
| Eynseck's PEN model- BIG THREE (supertraits, personality types) | Eynseck. Superfactors. Used instead of Cattels 16 source traits. Psychoticism. Extraversi8on- Introversion. Neuroticism. |
| Personality Types | qualitative categories of personality within a particular domain that define the person according to the construct's characteristics. |
| Type A | hard driving and competitive, having an exaggerated sense of time urgency |
| Type B | opposite of type A |
| Extraversion | sociable, lively, active, assertivem sensation-seekingm carefree, dominant, surgent venturesome |
| Introversion | The opposite of extraversion |
| Neuroticism | undesireable. anxiousm depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, emotional. |
| Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory | J. A. Gray. based on animal research Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral Inhibition system two motivational systems. |
| Behavioral Approach System | motivates us to approach potentially rewarding situations or stimuli. Linked with extraversion. |
| Behavioral Inhibition System | inhibits action and is associated with avoidance behavior. linked with neuroticism. |
| The Big Five (the Five Factor Model) | Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Conscientiousness (OCEAN) |
| facets | subcomponents to the big five |
| Agreeableness | soft hearted trusting good natured |
| openness | creativity, imaginative, enjoying variety |
| conscientiousness | ambitious, responsible, hard working |
| Neurotic Cascade | 1) Hyperactivity 2)Differential Exposure 3)Differential Appraisal 4) Mood Spillover 5) the sting of familiar problems |
| mood spillover | recycling old hurts and grievances |
| Internalizing disorder | characterized by inward expression of pathology |
| externalizing disorder | characterized by outward expression of pathology |
| constructive anger expression | assertively discussing why they are upset with the person toward whom they feel anger |
| destructive anger justification | blaming others for their anger and expressing self justification and desire for vindication |
| destructive anger rumination | holding grudges |
| type D personality | a distressed personality type that has high negative affectivity and social inhibition. indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with heart disease |
| engagement coping | the stressor or the emotions it evokes are dealt with directly |
| disengagement coping | escape and avoidance |
| hardiness | stress resistant personality. synergy of 3 elements. Control, challenge and commitment |
| anxiety | complex and diffuse feelings of uneasiness related to possible impending threats |
| existential anxiety | awareness of ultimate concerns; death meaning, freedom, isolation |
| Anxiety Disorders | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, phobic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, PTSD |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Excessive uncontrollable anxiety and worry (6 mos) |
| Panic Disorder | repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with worry and concern about reoccurrence of attacks |
| interoceptive sensitivity | high awareness of one's internal physiological activity |
| agoraphobia | fear of being in a public place |
| social phobia | fear of social activity with unfamiliar people |
| specific phobias | intense and exaggerated fears of specific objects or situations other than public places or social contexts |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | obsessions- thoughts, compulsions- behaviors |
| PTSD | reaction to traumatic stressors that results in reexperiencing the traumatic event |
| Exposure therapy | most effective in treating anxiety. the person in treatment systematically confronts the feared event or stimulus in a safe and controlled environment |
| Response Prevention | Used for OCD. THe planned practice of inhibiting compulsive behaviors when exposed to a feared even or stimulus |
| Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | cognitively oriented therapeutic approach designed to challenge dysfunctional automatic thoughts, assumptions and beliefs |
| intermittent explosive disorder | episodes of extreme anger and acting out the anger through assaults or destruction of property |
| catharsis theory | a discredited theory of anger managaement based on the concept that to reduce anger one should ventilate it periodically |
| passive aggressive behavior | a form of resistance to others through procrastination, excuse-making, obstructionism, or poor performance of tasks where the person engaging in the bahviors does not take responsibility for his or her actions or inactions |
| diathesis stress model of depression | stress leads to depression in vulnerable individuals |
| negative cognitive triad | a tendency among depressed people to view the self the world and the future in a negative light. Beck |
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