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psychology of stress
unit 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Biological Predisposition Model | genetic or constitutional factors influence a person's physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive response to stress and personality plays no role. |
Health Related Behavior Models | Personality factors influence stress motivated health behaviors and determine future health and well-being |
Moderation Models | personality influences the strength or direction of the relationship between stress and health. Some personality characteristics increase health risks other decrease health risks |
buffer | reduces the impact of stressors |
Personality | the overall enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that define an individual |
Temperament | the biologically based foundation of personality, including emotionality, activity and sociability |
Traits (dispositions) | the particular characteristics or structural elements of personality that predispose a person to respond in certain ways |
states | temporary internal phenomena |
factor analysis | use of multiple correlations to determine which of the measured elements cluster together. CATTELL |
source traits | 16 distinct correlated factors that constitute each person's personality |
Psychoticism | traits associated with nonconformity or social deviance (aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathetic) |
Eynseck's PEN model- BIG THREE (supertraits, personality types) | Eynseck. Superfactors. Used instead of Cattels 16 source traits. Psychoticism. Extraversi8on- Introversion. Neuroticism. |
Personality Types | qualitative categories of personality within a particular domain that define the person according to the construct's characteristics. |
Type A | hard driving and competitive, having an exaggerated sense of time urgency |
Type B | opposite of type A |
Extraversion | sociable, lively, active, assertivem sensation-seekingm carefree, dominant, surgent venturesome |
Introversion | The opposite of extraversion |
Neuroticism | undesireable. anxiousm depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, emotional. |
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory | J. A. Gray. based on animal research Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral Inhibition system two motivational systems. |
Behavioral Approach System | motivates us to approach potentially rewarding situations or stimuli. Linked with extraversion. |
Behavioral Inhibition System | inhibits action and is associated with avoidance behavior. linked with neuroticism. |
The Big Five (the Five Factor Model) | Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Conscientiousness (OCEAN) |
facets | subcomponents to the big five |
Agreeableness | soft hearted trusting good natured |
openness | creativity, imaginative, enjoying variety |
conscientiousness | ambitious, responsible, hard working |
Neurotic Cascade | 1) Hyperactivity 2)Differential Exposure 3)Differential Appraisal 4) Mood Spillover 5) the sting of familiar problems |
mood spillover | recycling old hurts and grievances |
Internalizing disorder | characterized by inward expression of pathology |
externalizing disorder | characterized by outward expression of pathology |
constructive anger expression | assertively discussing why they are upset with the person toward whom they feel anger |
destructive anger justification | blaming others for their anger and expressing self justification and desire for vindication |
destructive anger rumination | holding grudges |
type D personality | a distressed personality type that has high negative affectivity and social inhibition. indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with heart disease |
engagement coping | the stressor or the emotions it evokes are dealt with directly |
disengagement coping | escape and avoidance |
hardiness | stress resistant personality. synergy of 3 elements. Control, challenge and commitment |
anxiety | complex and diffuse feelings of uneasiness related to possible impending threats |
existential anxiety | awareness of ultimate concerns; death meaning, freedom, isolation |
Anxiety Disorders | Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder, phobic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorders, PTSD |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Excessive uncontrollable anxiety and worry (6 mos) |
Panic Disorder | repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with worry and concern about reoccurrence of attacks |
interoceptive sensitivity | high awareness of one's internal physiological activity |
agoraphobia | fear of being in a public place |
social phobia | fear of social activity with unfamiliar people |
specific phobias | intense and exaggerated fears of specific objects or situations other than public places or social contexts |
obsessive compulsive disorder | obsessions- thoughts, compulsions- behaviors |
PTSD | reaction to traumatic stressors that results in reexperiencing the traumatic event |
Exposure therapy | most effective in treating anxiety. the person in treatment systematically confronts the feared event or stimulus in a safe and controlled environment |
Response Prevention | Used for OCD. THe planned practice of inhibiting compulsive behaviors when exposed to a feared even or stimulus |
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy | cognitively oriented therapeutic approach designed to challenge dysfunctional automatic thoughts, assumptions and beliefs |
intermittent explosive disorder | episodes of extreme anger and acting out the anger through assaults or destruction of property |
catharsis theory | a discredited theory of anger managaement based on the concept that to reduce anger one should ventilate it periodically |
passive aggressive behavior | a form of resistance to others through procrastination, excuse-making, obstructionism, or poor performance of tasks where the person engaging in the bahviors does not take responsibility for his or her actions or inactions |
diathesis stress model of depression | stress leads to depression in vulnerable individuals |
negative cognitive triad | a tendency among depressed people to view the self the world and the future in a negative light. Beck |