Neuro and Special Senses Review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Ability to receive and process stimuli through sensory organs | Sensation
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| Ability to experience, recognize, organize, and interpret sensory stimuli | Perception
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| Intellectual ability to think | Cognition
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| Person’s awareness of time, place, self, and/or situation impaired | Disorientation
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| Secondary to pathologic change of bones in middle ear; Most common conductive hearing loss | Otosclerosis
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| Inflammation of middle ear | Otitis media
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| Bacterial infection of external ear canal | Otitis Externa
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| Inflammation of cornea | Keratitis
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| Disorder that causes lens or its capsule to lose transparency and/or become opaque | Cataract
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| Disorder characterized by abnormally high pressure of fluid inside eyeball | Glaucoma
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| Inflammation of conjunctiva | Conjunctivitis
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| Inability of eyes to focus in same direction | Strabismus
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| Nearsightedness; Vision for near objects is better than for far. Light focuses before the retina | Myopia
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| Farsightedness; Vision being better for distant objects than for near. Light focuses after the retina | Hyperopia
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| Inability of lens to change curvature in order to focus; Light rays dissolve and vision is blurred | Presbyopia
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| Asymmetric focus of light rays on retina; Light focuses at two points | Astigmatism
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| Central visual acuity 20/200 or less with corrective lenses | Blindness
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| A progressive deterioration of the maculae of the retina; Central vision lost, but peripheral vision remains | Macular degeneration
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| A separation of the retina from the retinal pigment epithelium in the back of the eye | Retinal Detachment
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| An affliction characterized clinically by vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss due to hydrops of the endolymphatic duct | Menieres disease
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| A sensation of instability, giddiness, loss of equilibrium, or rotation, caused by a disturbance in the semicircular canal of the inner ear or the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem | Vertigo
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| Involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyes | Nystagmus
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| An impaired ability to coordinate movement, often characterized by a staggering gait and postural imbalance | Ataxia
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| Paralysis of one side of the body | Hemiplegia
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| An increase in the seriousness of a disease or disorder as marked by greater intensity in the signs or symptoms of the patient being treated | Exacerbation
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| A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause | Parasthesia
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| The loss of muscle function, sensation, or both | Paralysis
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| Condition characterized by either partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally or using written words | Aphasia
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| What are the different part of nervous system? | CNS, PNR, ANS
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| Part of Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord
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| Part of Peripheral Nervous System | Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
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| Divisions of autonomic Nervous system | Sympathetic (fight and flight) and Parasympathetic (rest and digest)
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| Part of the spinal cord | Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx,
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| Part of Cerebrum | Cerebro-cortex and Cerebro-medulla
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| Divisions of Brainstem | thalamus, hypothalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata
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| A chemical that modifies or results in the transmission of nerve impulses between synapses | Neurotransmitter
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| How are neurotransmitter important? | That’s where drugs act to inhibit or excite a response
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| Location where neurotransmitters travel form the axon to the dendrites | Synapse
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| Insulates the neurons and allows faster transmission of electrical impulses | Myelin
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| What is included in a neuro assessment? | Headache, Clumsiness, Loss or change in function of extremity, Seizure activity, Numbness or tingling
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| Define LOC and how is it assessed | Level of Consciousness is the degree of a patient's alertness and awareness of self and environment
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| Why is LOC an important indicator of neurological status? | It helps assess the functions of the brain and response of nerves, recognize seizures and/or risk for seizures.
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| What does PERRLA mean? When is it used? | Pupils Equals, Round, reactive to Light and Accommodation. Used when assessing a client
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| ICP | Intracranial pressure; Pressure within the cranial cavity
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| Why is an increase in ICP a potential problem? | Some organs can be damaged when high pressure occurs
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| Review neuro status posturing | Flexor (Decorticate), Extensor (Decerebrate), Flaccid.
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| What does flexion and extension postures look like? | Flexion=Arms flexed, or bent inward on the chest, hands clenched into fists, and legs extended and feet turned inward; Extension=Head arched back. Extended elbows. The arms and legs are extended and rotated internally.
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| Why is lumbar puncture used, to diagnose what? | Radiographic visualization of the structures of the nervous system of the spinal canal and meninges and brain. Used for meningitis
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| CVA and TIA | CVA is Brain attack or stroke, hemorrhage into the brain or occlusion of the cerebral vessels from an embolism or thrombosis; TIA is an episode of cerebrovascular insufficiency (mini stroke)
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| What are symptoms of CVA and TIA | CVA=Neurological deficits of sensation, movement, thought, memory, and speech; TIA=Disturbance of normal vision in one or both eyes, dizziness, weakness, dysphasia, numbness, or unconsciousness
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| What are risk factors for TIA/CVA? | Same as MI, age, nutrition, history
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| Treatment of Herniated Intervertebral Disk | Rest, stress reduction, immobility of spine
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| What is the focus of treatment of Parkinson disease | Neurotransmitters
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| Chronic, progressive, degenerative disease of central nervous system, Characterized by loss of myelin | Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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| What type of illness is ALS | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) is Fatal, Degeneration of motor neurons in cortex, medulla, and spinal cord
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| What occurs with Guillain-Barre | Acute inflammatory process involving motor and sensory neurons of peripheral nervous system
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| Where does Guillain-Barre start? | Lower extremities and ascends bilaterally
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| Course of Guillain-Barre | Demyelination begins in distal nerves and ascends symmetrically and Remyelination occurs from proximal to distal
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| Inflammation of brain | Encephalitis
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| Inflammation of meninges | Meningitis
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| Cause of Encephalitis and Meningitis | Virus, bacteria (contagious), fungi, or parasites
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| Describe Huntington’s disease | Chronic, progressive hereditary disease of nervous system. Mental or intellectual impairment progresses to dementia, Death usually results from heart failure, pneumonia, infection, or choking
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| Treatment and prevention of Huntington’s disease | Must collaborate with social worker, chaplain, physician, and mental health worker
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| What is Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome? Possible type of symptoms? | Neurological movement disorder, Prominent behavioral manifestations
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| Abnormal condition characterized by slowness of all voluntary movement and speech | Bradykinesia
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