Ch.15 Pathophysiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Myeloid lineage phagocytes | Derived from myeloid stem cells
Monocytes
Granulocytes
Dendritic cells
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| Dendritic cells | Found in epithelial tissues
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| Granulocytes | Neutrophils (innate immunity), eosinophils & basophils (allergic reactions & anti-parasites)
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| Monocytes | Found in most tissues, mature into macophages, central to adaptive immunity
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| eosinophils & basophils | allergic reactions & anti-parasite
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| Lymphoid lineage lymphocytes & natural killer cells | Derived from lymphoid stem cells
B cells
T Cells
NK Cells
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| B cells | recognize circulating antigens → produce antibodies
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| T cells | recognize antigen bound to MHCs on antigen presenting cells (APCs)
T helper cells
Cytotoxic T cells
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| T helper cells | CD4
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| Cytotoxic T cells | CD8
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| Natural killer (NK) cells | Innate immune cells
Recognize tumor & virus-infected cells
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| Central lymphoid tissues | Bone marrow & thymus
Tissues where immune cells produced & mature
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| T cells produced in ______ | marrow → migrate to thymus → proliferate & mature
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| Thymic selection | only T cells that recognized foreign (not self) antigens survive
Thymus regresses after puberty
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| B cells produced in ______ | marrow and mature there – also undergo selection
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| Peripheral lymphoid tissues | Lymph nodes
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| Lymph nodes | located where lymph vessels converge
Abundant in axiallae, groin, abdomen
flows through nodes bringing antigens
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| Antigen presenting cells exposed to antigens _____ | → activate T cells
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| T cells activated in the ____ | paracortex → proliferate → migrate to cortex
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| B cells in follicles of _____ | cortex activated → move to medulla
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| B cells mature in | medulla → release Antibodies
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| Spleen | in abdominal cavity
Filters antigens – Acts as huge lymph node
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| Other secondary lymphoid tissues | Clusters of lymphoid tissue
MALT – mucosa associated lymph tissue
Membranes of GI, respiratory, GU tracts
Peyers patches - intestines
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| General purpose cytokines | Chemicals produced by immune cells
Bind to receptors on nearby cells
Contribute to a variety of parts of the immune response
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| Chemokines | Similar to cytokines
Stimulate migration & activation of immune cells
Implicated in arthrosclerosis, Crohn disease, asthma, etc
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| Colony stimulating factors | Stimulate blood cell production in marrow
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| Epithelial barriers | Innate Immunity
Skin
Mucous membranes
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| Skin | excellent barrier & also has antibacterials (Lysozyme)
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| Mucous membranes | Mucus traps microbes → cilia remove them
GI, GU, Respiratory
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| Lung | Collectin proteins (surfactants) target pathogens for phagocytosis
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| Stomach | Defensin proteins kill bacteria by disrupting membrane
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| Cells of innate immunity | Phagocytes engulf & destroy bacteria
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
NK cells
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| Macrophages | later-responding phagocytes
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| Dendritic cells | antigen presenting cells
Link innate & adaptive immune responses
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| NK cells | Lymphocytes
Recognize virus-infected & cancer cells → kill them
Have activation receptor – recognizes abnormal surface antigens
Have inhibitory receptor - recognizes self antigens
If both engage → NK cell takes not action
Cytokines induce apoptosis
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| Neutrophils | early-responding phagocytes
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