Japanese E-2 CH8 Grammar
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| numbers larger than 100 | for numbers larger than 100, combine each non-zero digit in its reading, e.g. 324 is さんびゃくにじゅうよん
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| numbers larger than 100, base unit for numbers 10,000 or larger | まん
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| ～んで | is used in a formation with plain form and んです at the end. Replacement for ～ます. Shows the person you are talking to that they are part of your social group, not an outsider. Friendly, shows concern for others, and in these ways serves as politeness.
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| ～んで, first common use | first common use is to invite explanation beyond the simplest answer, which is an expression of interest and friendliness. Too much use is nosy or imposing.
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| ～んで, second common use | giving excuses or explaining the reasons for a situation without explicit indication, e.g. a vague excuse.
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| ～んで, third common use | confirming the speaker's assumption, or giving and requestioning an explanation or reason.
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| ～んで, fourth common use | surprise or irritation
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| ～んで, asking why | どうして (why) is commonly used with ～んで. An answer is also given with ～んで (and at the same time, ので). It indicates that an explanation is being given.
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| ～んで, asking why, politeness | どうして often implies surprise about somone's behavior and demand for an explanation, so it can sound aggressive or accusatory.
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| どうしてですか | Why is that？
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| expressing wants | express wants by using the same construction as for すき， but with the adjective ほしい instead.
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| expressing wants, negative form | ほしくありません／ほしくないです. は replaces が when a contrast is present, and this is common.
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| expressing what someone else wants | use the ～がっている ending instead of い, which means "he or she is showing signs of ～." (in the case of ほしがっている, showing signs of wanting)
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| expressing what someone else wants, object particle | Use を instead of が.
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| expressing what someone else wants, explanation for why | the Japanese language considers that one's emotional state is only know by oneself.
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| expressing desire to do something | keep ます stem, replace ます with たい. This makes the verb into somewhat functionally an い adjective, to be topped off with a copula verb.
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| expressing desire to do something, object particle | In this construction, the object marker を of the verb can be replaced with が. This is commonly the case.
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| expressing desire to do something, politeness to superiors | use ～ますか or ～いかがですか instead of ～たいですか.
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| expressing desire to do something, someone else's | use ～がっているand を
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| ～まい | thin objects
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| ～ひき | fish, small four-legged animals
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| ～ほん | long cylindrical objects
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| ～さつ | bound objects
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| ～つ | objects not fitting any specific category
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| thin objects | paper, plates, T-shirts, CDs, DVDs
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| fish, small four-legged animals | dogs, cats, mice
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| long cylindrical objects | pencils, pens, bottles, ans, belts, ties, trousers, movies/films
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| bound objects | books, dictionaries, magazines
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| objects not fitting any specific category | apples, rings, earrings, oranges, balls
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