(Adv. Bio) Ch. 17 Viruses, Bacteria and Protists Review
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| Animal virus which contains RNA and goes through a DNA synthesis stage... | Retrovirus
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| Assembly of viral components within a host cell... | Maturation
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| Immediate viral reproduction cycle... | Lytic cycle
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| Incorporation of viral DNA into host DNA... | Integration
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| Infectious proteinaceous particle... | Prion
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| Latent viral reproduction cycle... | Lysogenic cycle
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| Naked strand of RNA; infectious... | Viroid
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| Noncellular, nonliving particles about 1/5 size of a bacterium... | Virus
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| Viral components are synthesized... | Biosynthesis
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| Viral DNA in its latent stage... | Prophage
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| Virus that infects and reproduces in a bacterium... | Bacteriophage
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| Outer unit of a virus composed of protein subunits... | Capsid
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| There are two types of ___; bacteria and archaea... | Prokaryotes
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| Show, in 1850, disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by show that sterilized broth cannot become cloudy with bacterial growth unless exposed to air where bacteria was abundant... | Louis Pasteur
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| Cell-like structures complete with an outer membrane and may have resulted from the self-assembly of macromolecules and eventually gave rise to cellular life... | Protocells
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| Area of a bacterial cell that it's chromosome is found... | Nucleoid
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| Small, circular chromosome found in a bacterial cell... | Plasmid
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| Bacterial cell walls are strengthened by a complex of polysaccharides linked by amino acids called... | Peptidoglycan
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| Occurs when a bacterium picks up free pieces of DNA from their surroundings that have been secreted by live prokaryotes or released by dead ones... | Transformation
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| Some bacteria are ___, forming a harmful relationship with one or more partners in which the bacterium benefits but the other organism suffers... | Parasitic
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| Biological cleanup of an environment that contais harmful chemicals called pollutants... | Bioremediation
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| Biological macromolecules produced by living cells... | Biotic synthesis
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| Capable of surviving in very extreme environments... | Archaea
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| How the first macromolecules on earth must have formed... | Abiotic synthesis
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| Likely the first cells on earth... | Prokaryotes
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| Most diverse and prevalent organisms on earth... | Bacteria
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| Rod shaped bacteria... | Bacillus
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| Spherical bacteria... | Coccus
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| Spiral shaped bacteria... | Spirilla
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| DNA passed between cells across a pilus... | Conjugation
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| Bacterial DNA is carried from one cell to another by a bacteriophage... | Transduction
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| Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles... | Eukaryotes
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| Extremophiles that thrive in anaerobic environments... | Methanogens
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| Extremophiles that thrive in high salinity environments... | Halophiles
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| Extremophiles that thrive in hot and acidic environments... | Thermoacidophiles
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| Cause disease by causing normal proteins to change shape and malfunction... | Prions
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| Enzyme unique to retroviruses... | Reverse transcriptase
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| Primary producers near deep-sea vents... | Chemoautotrophs
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| Unicellular, golden-brown algae with a silica shell... | Diatoms
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| Slime molds and water molds are ___, breaking down already dead material and releasing those nutrients into the environment... | Decomposers
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| Represent the oldest lineage of oxygenic organisms... | Cyanobacteria
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| Study of viruses... | Virology
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| A virus requires this in order to reproduce... | Host cell
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| Virus that reproduces within a bacterium... | Bacteriophage
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| Plant viruses often enter through damaged tissue and then move about the plant using the ___... | Plasmodesmata
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| Causes cold sores and chickenpox in humans and is a good example of a latent virus... | Herpes virus
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| Causative agent of a disease that only recently has infected large numbers of people... | Emerging virus
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| More stable form of nucleic acid... | Deoxyribonucleic acid
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| Gel-like coating outside a cell wall that is common in bacterial cells living in diverse environments... | Capsule
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| May be present between two bacterial cells allowing the transfer of DNA from one to the other... | Conjugation pilus
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| Bacteria that send enzymes into the environment and decompose almost any large organic molecule to smaller ones that are absorbable... | Saprotrophs
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| Cell targeted by a virus... | Host cell
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| Chemosynthesizers... | Chemoautotrophs
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| Heavy, protective coating surrounding a portion of dehydrated bacterial cytoplasm and a copy of the chromosome... | Endospore
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| Microbes that can cause disease... | Pathogens
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| Supported by the double membranes around mitochondria and chloroplasts... | Endosymbiont theory
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| Uicellular diatoms, algae, dinoflagellates, ciliates, etc | Protists
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| Chemical compound that composes the cell membrane of archaea... | Polysaccharides
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| Emerging viruses may have acquired new virulence factors or ___ factors may have encouraged their spread to an increased number of hosts in a relatively short period of time... | Environmental
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| Aim to prevent viral infections... | Vaccines
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| Used to treat bacterial infections... | Antibiotics
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| Side-effect of using antibiotics too frequently... | Antibiotic resistance
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