Science Ch. 11
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| The inner planets are those closest to the _____. They are also called the _____ _____. | Sun, terrestrial planets
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| The inner planets are made of _____ and metallic materials. | rock
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| The outer layers of the inner planets are in the ____ state. | solid
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| _____ is the closest planet closest to the Sun. | Mercury
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| Mercury has no gases close to its surface, which means it has no______. | atmosphere
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| Because of its small mass, Mercury's ______ is not strong enough to hold to its surface. | gravity
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| Because Mercury has no wind to move energy from place to place, the temperatures on the side of Mercury facing the Sun are always extremely ____. | hot
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| Mercury's surface is covered with __ ____, smooth plains, and high cliffs. | impact craters
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| _____ is the second planet from the Sun. | Venus
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| venus ______ more slowly than it revolves, so a day on venus is longer than a year on earth. | rotates
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| Unlike most other planets, venus rotates from ____ to _____. | east, west
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| Most of venus's atmosphere is made up of _____ ______. | carbon dioxide
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| Venus is covered by a thick layer of ______. | clouds
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| The clouds on Venus are made of ______. | acid
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| Venus is the _____ planet in the solar system. | hottest
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| the high temperatures on Venus are caused by the ____ _____ | greenhouse effect
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| The greenhouse effect increases surface temperature because the _____ _____ traps solar energy | carbon dioxide
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| Most of the surface of Venus is covered by solidified ______ | lava
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| The third planet from the Sun is _____. | Earth
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| Earth's atmosphere is made up of ___ ____ and a mixture of gasas. | water vapor
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| the atmosphere produces a _______ ____ that increases Earth's average surface temperature. | greenhouse effect
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| _____ s supported on Earth because of its atmosphere, large bodies of liquid water, and moderate temperature range. | Life
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| Earth ahs a solid inner core and a _____ outer core. | liquid
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| the ____ surrounds the outer core | mantle
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| Earth's crust is broken into large sliding _____ | plates
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| Mars is the ____ planet from the Sun. | fourth
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| Many probes have examined the surface of Mars; most have looked for signs of _____. | water
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| Ice caps on Mars are made up of ice and frozen ____ ____. | carbon dioxide
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| Features on Mars's surface include craters, lava flows, canyons, and the largest known _____ in the solar system. | volcano
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| The outer planets are made of materials that are usually ____ on Earth. | gases
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| Gravitational forces produced by the large sizes of these planets change gases into _____. | liquids
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| _____ is the largest planet in the solar system. | Jupiter
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| Although it takes 12 years to revolve around the Sun, Jupiter _____ faster than any other planet | rotates
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| jupiter has a system of _____ around it. | rings
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| Jupiter's rotation stretches its clouds into colorful ____ _____ | swirling bands
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| The ___ ____ ____ on jupiter is a storm that has lasted more than 300 years | Great Red Spot
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| the four largest moons of Jupiter are called the ____ ____. | Galilean moons
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| Like Jupiter, saturn rotates _____ and has clouds in bands | rapidly
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| Saturn has the largest ____ system in the solar system | ring
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| Saturn has ____ bands of rings, each of which contains thousands of smaller rings. | seven
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| The rings are made mainly of ___ particles | ice
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| Most of Saturn's moons are small, but one of them,____, is larger than the planet Mercury | Titan
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| Venus rotates ______ | backwards
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| Uranus might have a rocky ______ | core
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| Which planet has the greenhouse effect on steroids? (Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Earth) | Jupiter
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| The rotational axis of Uranus is _____ more than the other planets | tilted
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| the atmosphere and interior of neptune are similar to _____ | Uranus
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| A dwarf planet is a sphere that orbits a ____ | star
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| A dwarf planet has objects similar in _____ orbiting near it or crossing its orbital path | mass
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| The dwarf planets in the solar system are ____, Ceres, Eris, Makemake, and Haumea | Pluto
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| Asteroids orbit the Sun in a band between _____ and Jupiter | Mars
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| Asteroids are chunks of rock and ____ | ice
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| comets are made up of rocks, ice, and ____ | dust
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| _____ between the particles in a comet holds it together | Gravity
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| comets ____ the Sun in long elliptical orbits | orbit
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| As a comet approaches the Sun, a bright ____ can develop on the comet | tail
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| The ______ is the solid, inner part of a comet | nucleus
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| As the comet approaches the Sun, it heats, changing some ice in the nucleus into a ____ | gas
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| Energy from the Sun pushes gas and dust particles away from the nucleus and makes it ______ | glow
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| A small, rocky particle that moves through space is a _____ | meteoroid
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| As it passes through Earth's atmosphere, friction with the air makes a meteoroid and the air around it ____ | glow
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| A streak of light in the atmosphere made by a glowing meteoroid is a _____ | meteor
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| Most meteoroids ____ up in the atmosphere | burn
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| a meteoroid that strikes the surface of a planet or a moon is called a _____ | meteorite
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| A meteorite can form a bowl- shaped depression called a ______ ____ in the surface it strikes | impact crater
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| The ____ in the solar system orbit the Sun | planets
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| the Sun and the objects that orbit it make up the ____ ____ | solar system
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| the largest object in the solar system is the _____ | Sun
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| he Sun is a star made up of mostly ___ gas. | hydrogen
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| ____ _____ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun. | nuclear fusion
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| The largest object in the solar system is the _____ | Sun
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| _____ _____ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun | Nuclear Fusion
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| The Sun is a star made up mostly of _____ gas. | hydrogen
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| Objects that orbit the Sun include planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and _____. These objects _____ the Sun's light. | comets, reflect
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| Objects orbit the Sun because it applies ______ forces on them. | gravitational
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| A planet has a nearly ______ shape | spherical
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| the mass of a planet is much ____ than the mass of nearby objects | larger
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| There are ____ planets in the solar system | eight
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| The four planets closest to the sun are called the ____- planets | inner
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| Inner planets are made mainly from ____ ____ materials | solid rocky
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| The four planets farthest from the Sun are called the ____ planets | outer
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| Outer planets are made mostly of ice and ____ | gases
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| Because the outer planets are much larger than the inner planets, they are sometimes called___ ___ | gas giants
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| A ____ ____ is a spherical object that orbits the Sun, is not the moon of another planet, and has less mass any of the other planets | dwarf planet
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| Millions of small, rocky objects called _____ orbit the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter | asteroids
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| A ____ orbits the sun in an oval- shaped orbit and is made of dust, gas, and ice | comet
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| The _______ ______ is used to measure long distances in the solar system | astronomical unit
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| One astronomical unit (AU)is the average distance from Earth to the ____ | Sun
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| One way an object in the solar system moves is by orbiting, or ____, around another object | revolving
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| the amount of time it takes an object to revolve once around the sun is its ____ __ ______ | period of revolution
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| Objects in the solar system also spin, or _____ | rotate
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| the time it takes an object to rotate once is its ___ ___ ____ | period of rotation
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| The shape of a planet's orbit is an _____, which is a stretched-out circle | ellipse
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| The Sun is at one of the _____ of the ellipse, so the distance between a planet and the Sun changes as the planet moves | foci
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| A planet moves ______ when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away. | faster
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| What is the order of the eight planets? Starting form the Sun | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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| determine the shape of the ellipse | foci
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| what are five dwarf planets that we talked about? | Pluto, Ceres, Makemake, eris, Haumea
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